茜坑水库水质评价及污染源解析  

Water quality evaluation and pollution source analysis of Xikeng Reservoir

作　　者：翟振起 黄廷林[2] 陈凡 ZHAI Zhenqi;HUANG Tinglin;CHEN Fan(Xikeng Reservoir Management Bureau,Shenzhen North Water Resources Engineering Management Office,Shenzhen 518110,China;School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市北部水源工程管理处茜坑水库管理所,广东深圳518110 [2]西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,陕西西安710055

出　　处：《水资源与水工程学报》2021年第6期57-64,共8页Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2019YFD1100101)。

摘　　要：茜坑水库作为深圳市重要的饮用水水源,掌握其水质状况和关键污染源十分必要。选取2019年1-12月茜坑水库水体的pH、高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、硝酸盐氮、总氮、总磷、铁、锰等8个典型指标,分析其变化规律及相互关系,通过水质综合指数评价水质现状,采用因子分析法和绝对主成分多元线性回归识别关键污染源,估算主要污染源的贡献率。结果表明:受浮游植物的影响,pH全年最高达到9.8;高锰酸盐浓度在6月份最高,为6.3 mg/L;氨氮浓度全年均小于0.1 mg/L;硝酸盐氮占总氮的71%左右,总氮浓度全年大于0.5 mg/L;总磷全年平均浓度为0.014 mg/L,水体呈现出磷限制;相关性强的铁和锰浓度全年均小于0.2 mg/L。在近年来多种治理措施的作用下,水库全年水质综合指数均值为78且呈现出向好趋势。水库水质受浮游植物的直接影响,而控制污染物引水汇入和内源释放是解决水库污染问题的关键。Xikeng Reservoir is an important drinking water source in Shenzhen,it is necessary to grasp its water quality status and clarify its pollution sources.In this paper,eight typical indexes,including pH,permanganate index,ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,iron and manganese,were selected from the water body of Xikeng Reservoir over the time span of January to December,2019.Based on the analysis of the variations of the indexes and interactions between them,the water quality status was evaluated by the water quality composite index(WQI)method,and the key pollution sources were identified using factor analysis and absolute principal component score combined with multivariate linear regression,then the contribution rates of major pollution sources were estimated.The results showed that under the influence of phytoplankton,pH reached 9.8,permanganate index was 6.3 mg/L in June,ammonia nitrogen concentration was less than 0.1 mg/L annually,nitrate nitrogen accounted for about 71%of total nitrogen,total nitrogen concentration was greater than 0.5 mg/L throughout the year,and the average total phosphorus concentration was 0.014 mg/L;the water body presented phosphorus limitation;the concentrations of Fe and Mn with strong correlation were less than 0.2 mg/L throughout the year.The WQI and Mann-Kendall trend test showed that under the action of various measures,the average annual water quality index of the reservoir was 78 and showed a promising trend.The analysis of pollution sources indicates that the water quality of the reservoir is directly affected by phytoplankton,and the key to solving the problem of reservoir pollution is to control the water diversion and endogenous release of pollutants.

关 键 词：水质评价 污染源解析 因子分析 绝对主成分 茜坑水库 

分 类 号：TV697.3[水利工程—水利水电工程] X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]