岩溶关键带年内水文动态变化规律  

Hydrologic dynamic change rule of a typical critical karst zone in a year

作　　者：毛龙富 刘宏[1,2] 周恩民[1,2] 易琦[1] 党翠翠 杨丽瑞 付舒 张净净 MAO Longfu;LIU Hong;ZHOU Enmin;YI Qi;DANG Cuicui;YANG Lirui;FU Shu;ZHANG Jingjing(School of Earth Sciences,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500,China;International Joint Research Center for Karstology,Yunnan University,Kunming 650223,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学地球科学学院,云南昆明650500 [2]云南大学国际喀斯特联合研究中心,云南昆明650223

出　　处：《水资源与水工程学报》2021年第6期116-124,共9页Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0502502);国家自然科学基金项目(41371040、41571010、31970122);云南省应用基础研究计划项目(202001BB050040);自然资源部/广西岩溶动力学重点实验室开放课题(KDL&Guangxi202013)。

摘　　要：解译岩溶关键带水文动态变化规律对进一步认识岩溶水循环机制及岩溶区地下水资源可持续利用都有着重要的意义。基于典型岩溶区昆明市阿子营乡黄龙泉域的大气降水、不同类型洞穴滴水、泉水等逐周连续监测的水文气象数据,运用年内分配不均匀系数、完全调节系数、集中度和集中期等指标和时间序列法揭示岩溶区降水→洞穴滴水→泉水的年内水文动态变化特征及其规律。结果表明:年内分配不均匀系数、完全调节系数、集中度总体呈降水→洞穴滴水→泉水垂直递减,其中敏感性滴水≤稳定性滴水<季节性滴水;泉水水位、洞穴滴水的集中期比降水滞后约2个月。泉水水位、洞穴滴水对降水响应的滞后时间为敏感性滴水<泉水水位≤季节性滴水<稳定性滴水。岩溶关键带水具有丰、枯期交替的季节性特征和降水→洞穴滴水→泉水垂直运移的水文分带性,黄龙泉由点状、线状、面状等多种方式补给,为季节性波动大的常流岩溶泉。Interpreting the hydrological dynamic change law of critical karst zones is of great significance for the understanding of karst water circulation mechanism and the sustainable utilization of groundwater resources in karst areas.Taking a typical karst area of the Yellow Dragon Spring in Aziying Township,Kunming City as the research area,the hydrometeorological data of the meteoric precipitation,drop of different types of caves and spring water were continuously monitored weekly.Based on the monitored data,the annual hydrological dynamic change characteristics and rules of the evolution from precipitation to cave water drop to spring water in karst area were revealed using time series method and the indices of annual non-uniformity coefficient,complete regulation coefficient,concentration degree and concentration period.The results show that the indexes of annual non-uniformity coefficient,complete regulation coefficient and concentration degree showed a vertical decrease from precipitation to cave water drop to spring water,among which the sensitive drop≤stable drop<seasonal drop.The concentration period of water drop and spring water in the cave was about two months later than that of precipitation.The retention effect of cave water drop and spring water on precipitation and the response time were sensitive drop<spring water≤seasonal drop<stable drop.The water in the critical karst zone changed frequently from abundant to scarce and vice versa seasonally,and it presented the characteristics of hydrological zoning of vertical migration from precipitation to cave water drop to spring water.It indicates that the Yellow Dragon Spring is supplemented by point,linear and planar sources,and it is a constant karst spring with large seasonal fluctuations.

关 键 词：岩溶地下水 岩溶关键带 垂直渗透过程 水文动态分析 季节性特征 黄龙泉域 

分 类 号：TV11[水利工程—水文学及水资源] P345[天文地球—水文科学]