Species in lichen-forming fungi:balancing between conceptual and practical considerations,and between phenotype and phylogenomics  

作　　者：Robert Lücking Steven D.Leavitt David L.Hawksworth 

机构地区：[1]Botanischer Garten Und Botanisches Museum,Freie Universität Berlin,Königin-Luise-Str.6-8,14195 Berlin,Germany [2]Department of Biology,Brigham Young University,4102 Life Science Building,Provo,UT 84602,USA [3]M.L.Bean Life Science Museum,Brigham Young University,1115 MLBM,Provo,UT 84602,USA [4]Department of Life Sciences,The Natural History Museum,London SW75BD,UK [5]Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology,Royal Botanic Gardens,Kew,Richmond TW92AB,Surrey,UK

出　　处：《Fungal Diversity》2021年第4期99-154,共56页真菌多样性（英文）

摘　　要：Lichens are symbiotic associations resulting from interactions among fungi(primary and secondary mycobionts),algae and/or cyanobacteria(primary and secondary photobionts),and specific elements of the bacterial microbiome associated with the lichen thallus.The question of what is a species,both concerning the lichen as a whole and its main fungal component,the primary mycobiont,has faced many challenges throughout history and has reached new dimensions with the advent of molecular phylogenetics and phylogenomics.In this paper,we briefly revise the definition of lichens and the scientific and vernacular naming conventions,concluding that the scientific,Latinized name usually associated with lichens invariably refers to the primary mycobiont,whereas the vernacular name encompasses the entire lichen.Although the same lichen mycobiont may produce different phenotypes when associating with different photobionts or growing in axenic culture,this discrete variation does not warrant the application of different scientific names,but must follow the principle"one fungus=one name".Instead,broadly agreed informal designations should be used for such discrete morphologies,such as chloromorph and cyanomorph for lichens formed by the same mycobiont but with either green algae or cyanobacteria.The taxonomic recognition of species in lichen-forming fungi is not different from other fungi and conceptual and nomenclatural approaches follow the same principles.We identify a number of current challenges and provide recommendations to address these.Species delimitation in lichen-forming fungi should not be tailored to particular species concepts but instead be derived from empirical evidence,applying one or several of the following principles in what we call the LPR approach:lineage(L)coherence vs.divergence(phylogenetic component),phenotype(P)coherence vs.divergence(morphological component),and/or reproductive(R)compatibility vs.isolation(biological component).Species hypotheses can be established based on either L or P,then using eit

关 键 词：Alpha taxonomy Beta taxonomy Biological species concept CORA Cryptic speciation Fungal farmers Gamma taxonomy Infraspecies Lichens as ecosystems Machine learning Morphological species concept One fungus=one name Photomorph Phylogenetic species concept Species pair concept Thamnolia 

分 类 号：Q94[生物学—植物学]