向日葵种子甲基磺酸乙酯诱变体系优化与分析  

Optimization and analysis of ethyl methane sulfonate mutagensis system in sunflower seeds

作　　者：郭树春 苗红梅[1] 张艳芳[3] 于海峰 聂惠 邵盈 乔慧蕾 牟英男 梁晨 李素萍 GUO Shuchun;MIAO Hongmei;ZHANG Yanfang;YU Haifeng;NIE Hui;SHAO Ying;QIAO Huilei;MU Yingnan;LIANG Chen;LI Suping(Sesame Research Center,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Institute of Crop Science,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;College of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院芝麻研究中心,河南郑州450002 [2]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院作物科学研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [3]内蒙古农业大学园艺与植保学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010011

出　　处：《北方农业学报》2021年第6期15-21,共7页Journal of Northern Agriculture

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-14-1-27);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0014);内蒙古自治区本级事业单位引进优秀人才项目;内蒙古自治区科技成果转化专项(2019CG078);内蒙古自治区重大专项项目。

摘　　要：【目的】明确甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变向日葵种子的最佳剂量和时间。【方法】以油用向日葵JK103、S18和食用向日葵巴葵138、科阳7号为试验材料,在EMS溶液梯度浓度(0、0.1%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%)和3个时间(6、12、24 h)处理下,分析向日葵种子的发芽势、发芽率及相对发芽率,确定向日葵种子EMS诱变的适宜条件。【结果】EMS溶液浓度、诱变时间均对向日葵种子的发芽势和发芽率有影响;向日葵种子较耐EMS,在油用向日葵中这一现象更加明显;随着诱变时间的延长,在诱变后期食用向日葵对EMS的诱变较为敏感。向日葵EMS溶液诱变适宜条件因品种而异。【结论】根据半致死条件原则,初步认为:油用向日葵种子EMS诱变适宜条件为催芽48 h后用1.0%~1.5%EMS溶液诱变12~24 h;食用向日葵种子EMS诱变适宜条件为催芽48~72 h后用1.0%~1.5%EMS溶液诱变6~12 h。【Objective】To determine the optimal ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)mutagensis concentration and treatment time frame in sunflower seeds.【Methods】Using oil-seed sunflower JK103,S18 and edible sunflower Bakui 138 and Keyang No.7 as test materials,the germination potential,germination rate,and relative germination rate of sunflower seeds were analyzed under EMS treatment with gradient concentration(0,0.1%,0.5%,1.0%,1.5%,2.0%)and three treatment time span(6,12,24 h)to determine the optimal conditions.【Results】The germination potential and germination rate of sunflower seeds were affected by the EMS solution concentration and mutagenic time.Sunflower seeds,especially oil-seed was quite tolerant to EMS.In the later stages of mutagensis,edible seeds became more sensitive to EMS as the treatment duration increases.The optimal mutagenic conditions of sunflower EMS treatment varied depending on the variety.【Conclusion】According to the principle of semi-lethal condition,the optimal concentration and treatment time are,for oil-seed,48 h after germination treated with 1.0%-1.5%EMS solution for 12-24 h,for edible-seed,48-72 h after germination treated with 1.0%-1.5%EMS solution for 6-12 h.

关 键 词：向日葵 种子 EMS诱变 发芽势 发芽率 

分 类 号：Q9[生物学] S595.5[农业科学—作物学]