内蒙古审(认)定粒用玉米品种籽粒品质分析  

Analysis of grain quality for approved grain maize varieties in Inner Mongolia

作　　者：侯旭光 张静 石海波 赵瑞霞 王凤英 慕宗杰 于伟卓 HOU Xuguang;ZHANG Jing;SHI Haibo;ZHAO Ruixia;WANG Fengying;MU Zongjie;YU Weizhuo(Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;Inner Mongolia Guodong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hohhot 010011,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [2]内蒙古国栋农业科学研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特010011

出　　处：《北方农业学报》2021年第6期35-44,共10页Journal of Northern Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300402)。

摘　　要：【目的】进一步认识粒用玉米品种籽粒品质的变化规律,明确玉米品质育种方向。【方法】搜集整理1980—2021年共计1352个内蒙古审(认)定玉米品种信息,对2002—2021年有品质分析结果的1115个粒用玉米品种的品质进行变化趋势和类型分布分析,并对其中973个信息完整品种的品质性状进行相关分析。【结果】具有品质分析结果的1115个粒用玉米品种中,达到优质或特殊用途玉米品种标准要求的416个、占37.31%;高淀粉玉米品种比例呈逐年增加趋势,2021年达到最高,为74.44%。随年份更替,粒用玉米品种的容重、粗淀粉含量呈显著或极显著提高趋势(P<0.05或P<0.01),年均提高量分别为0.733 g/L和0.176个百分点,粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、赖氨酸含量每年分别以0.040、0.029、0.002个百分点呈极显著下降趋势(P<0.01);高淀粉玉米品种占粒用玉米品种数的35.09%,且呈逐年快速增加趋势;容重与品质性状间关系受审(认)定或品质测定年份、生态类型区的影响很大,提高容重与提高籽粒品质性状间并无直接关系。【结论】玉米籽粒粗淀粉含量的提高以及粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、赖氨酸含量的降低与碳稀释效应有关;品质性状及其相互关系受环境影响较大;应将高产、抗病、抗倒伏和提高容重、降低籽粒含水率作为育种目标和品种审定关键指标,逐步提高我国玉米品种的商品品质。【Objective】To better understand the changing trend of grain quality for grain maize varieties,and clarify the direction of maize quality breeding.【Methods】The quality changing trend and distribution of 1115 grain maize varieties from 2002 to 2021 were studied using information from 1352 maize varieties approved in Inner Mongolia between 1980 and 2021.The correlation analysis was used to examine the quality features of 973 varieties with complete information.【Results】416 out of 1115 grain maize varieties met the requirements for high-quality or special-purpose maize varieties,accounting for 37.31%.The proportion of high starch maize varieties rose year after year,peaking at 74.44%in 2021.The bulk density and crude starch content of grain maize varieties increased significantly or extremely significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01)over time,with an average annual increase of 0.733 g/L and 0.176 percentage points,respectively.While crude protein,crude fat,and lysine content decreased extremely significantly by 0.040,0.029,and 0.002 percentage points,respectively(P<0.01).High starch maize varieties accounted for 35.09%of total grain maize varieties,and showed a rapid increase trend year by year.The year of approve or quality determination,as well as the ecological area had a significant impact on the bulk density and quality traits.There was no link between the increase of bulk density and the enhancing of grain quality traits.【Conclusion】The carbon dilution impact was linked to an increase in crude starch content and a decrease in crude protein,crude fat,and lysine content.The environment had a significant impact on the quality traits and their relationships.To gradually improve the commercial quality of maize varieties in China,enhancing yield,disease resistance,lodging resistance,increasing bulk density,and reducing grain moisture content should be considered as breeding objectives and essential indicators for variety approval.

关 键 词：粒用玉米 审(认)定品种 品质 相关分析 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]