人工栽培条件下斧形沙芥生长量、生物量及其分配的动态研究  

Dynamic study on growth,biomass and distribution of Puionium dolabratum under artificial cultivation conditions

作　　者：李昌龙 赵鹏[1,2,3] 姜生秀 戚福俊[1,2,3] 马玉莲 LI Changlong;ZHAO Peng;JIANG Shengxiu;QI Fujun;MA Yulian(Gansu Minqin National Field Observation and Research Station on Ecosystem of Desertification Rangeland,Minqin 733300,China;State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Desertification and Aralian Sand Disaster Combating of Gansu,Wuwei 733000,China;Gansu Desert Control and Research Institute,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃民勤荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,甘肃民勤733300 [2]甘肃省荒漠化与风沙灾害防治国家重点实验室培育基地,甘肃武威733000 [3]甘肃省治沙研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《北方农业学报》2021年第6期45-50,共6页Journal of Northern Agriculture

基　　金：甘肃省重点研发项目(20YF3FA008);甘肃省自列项目(2019kj125)。

摘　　要：【目的】为斧形沙芥(Puionium dolabratum)人工栽培的规模化和产业化发展提供技术支撑。【方法】在人工栽培条件下,通过对斧形沙芥叶和根系的生长量、生物量及其分配的测定,研究斧形沙芥的生长规律。【结果】斧形沙芥叶和水平根系的生长量符合指数函数规律,垂直根系的生长量符合多项式规律;垂直根系在生长初期快速生长有利于幼苗的保存和抗逆性的提高,水平根系通过拓展土壤水分吸收面积适应荒漠干旱气候。叶、总根系、水平根系和垂直根系的生物量呈同步指数函数增长,但增长机制有所不同;叶主要通过增加叶片数量提高生物量,垂直根系不发达,主要通过根径的横向生长方式增加生物量,而水平根系极度发达,通过根系水平拓展增大生物量;生物量增速具有显著差异(P<0.05),其中叶和水平根系生物量增速最大,总根系次之,垂直根系最小。在斧形沙芥生长过程中,叶生物量分配占据绝对优势(70%~90%),且呈逐渐增加的趋势,总根系生物量分配呈逐渐减少的趋势;根系的生物量分配中,垂直根和水平根均呈逐渐减少的趋势,二者之间生物量分配差距逐渐减少。【结论】斧形沙芥在人工栽培条件下,叶和水平根系生长量和生物量的增长均符合指数函数规律,具有生长速度快、产量高、抗逆性强的特点,适合在干旱荒漠区示范推广。【Objective】To provide technical support for the large-scale,industrialized development of cultivated Puionium dolabratum.【Methods】Under artificial cultivation conditions,the growth law of Puionium dolabratum was studied by evaluating the growth,biomass,and distribution of the leaves and roots.【Results】The growth of the leaves and horizontal roots of Puionium dolabratum corresponded with exponential function,while the vertical roots was polynomially.The rapid growth of vertical roots in the early stage was beneficial to seedling preservation and stress resistance.The horizontal roots adapted to the dry and arid climate by expanding the soil water absorption area.Leaf biomass,total root biomass,horizontal root biomass,and vertical root biomass all increased exponentially,but the growth mechanism was different.Leaf biomass mostly increased when the number of leaves increases.Vertical root biomass was underdeveloped,and mostly increased by lateral root diameter expansion.The horizontal roots was highly developed,and the biomass of horizontal roots increased by horizontal root development.The difference in biomass growth was statistically significant(P<0.05),with leaves and horizontal roots having the highest biomass growth,followed by total roots and vertical roots.In the growth process of Puionium dolabratum,leaf biomass had an absolute advantage(70%-90%)and exhibited a gradually growing trend,while the distribution of total root biomass showed a gradually decreasing trend.Both vertical and horizontal roots showed a declining trend in root biomass distribution,and the biomass distribution difference between them gradually narrowed.【Conclusion】The leaf,horizontal root,and biomass of cultivated Puionium dolabratum corresponded with exponential function.It was ideal for propagating in arid desert areas because of its fast growth rate,high yield,and strong stress resistance.

关 键 词：斧形沙芥 生长量 生物量 动态规律 人工栽培 

分 类 号：S567.2[农业科学—中草药栽培]