入侵植物小飞蓬(Conyza canadensis)对农地蔬菜生长的影响  

Effects of exotic plant Conyza canadensis on the growth of native vegetables

作　　者：林意忠 阳小成[2] 刘冬艳 LIN Yizhong;YANG Xiaocheng;LIU Dongyan(CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization,and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China;Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都生物研究所,中国科学院山地生态恢复与生物资源利用重点实验室,生态恢复与生物多样性保育四川省重点实验室,成都610041 [2]成都理工大学,成都610059

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2021年第6期1516-1521,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：四川省重点研发项目(2018SZ0312);中国科学院“西部青年学者”B类项目(2017XBZG_XBQNXZ_B_0090);国家自然科学基金青年项目(31800425);四川省重大科技专项(2018SZDZX0035)资助。

摘　　要：外来植物入侵到新的栖息地通过驱动其根际土壤微生物群落结构、改变土壤养分循环过程,创造更适宜其生长的土壤微环境,加速入侵进程.为明确外来入侵植物对本土蔬菜作物生长的影响机制,以小飞蓬入侵后本土蔬菜芫荽为研究对象,通过盆栽实验,模拟小飞蓬入侵和非入侵处理下芫荽的生长情况和土壤养分差异,并进一步探讨叶片光合速率、根系活力、土壤有效氮、全氮(TN)和土壤氮转化过程相关的酶(β-N-乙酰葡糖胺糖苷酶(NAG)和土壤中亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP))等的关系.结果显示小飞蓬定植到本土土壤后,一方面强化了土壤有效氮库,增加了120.8%,养分获取相关LAP酶的活性提高了234.5%,总氮消耗为正响应.另一方面,芫荽的光合作用速率降低了24.1%,芫荽的整体生物量(地上,地下)下降了63.9%.综上所述,小飞蓬的入侵虽提高了无机氮转化速度和养分的供给能力,芫荽却无法优先获取和利用氮养分,导致芫荽地上和地下生物量受到严重影响,即本土蔬菜芫荽受到小飞蓬的独特属性——优先利用养分的严重影响,生长受到了抑制,造成生物量降低.Exotic plants in new habitats drive rhizosphere soil microbial structure, alter soil nutrient transformation,facilitate the growth of the microenvironment, and accelerate the invasion process. To elucidate the mechanism of the effect of exotic plants on native vegetables, we selected the native vegetable Coriandrum sativum L.[C.S.L] and the exotic plant Conyza canadensis [C.C] to simulate the invasion process using a pot experiment.The growth height of the native plant was continuously measured for two months, and the leaf photosynthetic rate, root activity, plant biomass, soil inorganic N, soil net N mineralization rate, total N consumption, NAG, and LAP(the N nutrient acquisition associated soil enzyme) activity were also measured. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate, soil inorganic N, total N consumption, LAP activity, and plant biomass of C.S.L were influenced by the C.C invasion. Compared to the control pot(only C.S.L), the soil inorganic N pool increased by 120.8%, LAP activity increased by 234.5%, and the total N consumption was higher in the treatment pot(C.S.L and C.C). The leaf photosynthetic rate and plant biomass, including the aboveground and belowground of C.S.L,decreased by 24.1% and 63.9%, respectively. These findings indicate that although the soil available N pool and the transformation rate were enhanced in the treatment pot, the exotic plant utilized the soil nutrients before the native vegetable. Therefore, the exotic plant affected the biomass of the native vegetable through its special trait of N resource use priority.

关 键 词：入侵植物 小飞蓬 芫荽 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护] S63