激活后增强效应干预纵跳能力:应用策略与产生机制  

Post-activation enhancement effects on the ability to intervene in longitudinal jump:application strategies and generation mechanisms

作　　者：梁兴悦 李端英 姬红慎 张志勇 Liang Xingyue;Li Duanying;Ji Hongshen;Zhang Zhiyong(Digital Strength Training Lab of Guangzhou Sports Institute,Guangzhou 510500,China)

机构地区：[1]广州体育学院数字化体能训练实验室,广东广州510500

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2022年第2期82-87,共6页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

摘　　要：激活后增强效应(PAP)已经被证明可以作为运动前的一种激活策略。本文重点关注PAP干预纵跳能力,对纵跳能力的PAP激活策略、PAP产生的机制进行系统综述,得出以下结论:PAP能在短期内提高纵跳能力,可以作为纵跳活动前的一种激活策略,建议采用杠铃深蹲或半蹲跳作为激活手段,负荷强度可定在80%-90%1RM,负荷量为3-5次×1组,间歇时间应充分考虑负荷强度与负荷量的搭配以及个体恢复水平。个体的性别、训练水平以及力量水平不同,其PAP激活程度不同,教练员在采用PAP作为激活策略时,充分考虑个体因素,关注激活程度较高的个体,且注意激活后疲劳的消除。PAP产生的机制主要是肌球蛋白磷酸化、运动单位募集能力增强、肌纤维羽状角的改变。本文通过讨论不同的激活程序与个体因素对PAP干预纵跳能力的影响,旨在探寻最佳激活策略与原理,为PAP理论体系的完善奠定基础。The post-activation enhancement effect(PAP)has been shown to be useful as a pre-exercise activation strategy.In this paper,we focus on PAP intervention in longitudinal jumping ability,and conduct a systematic review of PAP activation strategies for longitudinal jumping ability and the mechanisms of PAP generation.The conclusions are:PAP can improve longitudinal jumping ability in the short term,and can be used as an activation strategy before longitudinal jumping activities,and it is recommended to use barbell squat or half-squat jump as an activation means,and the load intensity can be set at 80%-90%of 1RM,and the load volume is 3-5 times×1 set.The interval should take into account the intensity of the load with the amount of load and the individual recovery level.The mechanism of PAP generation is mainly myosin phosphorylation,enhanced motor unit recruitment,and change of muscle fiber plumage angle.By discussing the effects of different activation procedures and individual factors on the longitudinal jumping ability of PAP intervention,this paper aims to explore the optimal activation strategies and principles,and to lay the foundation for the improvement of the PAP theoretical system.

关 键 词：激活后增强效应 纵跳能力 激活程序 个体差异 

分 类 号：G804[文化科学—运动人体科学]