消除麻风病危害行动前后贵阳市麻风流行病学特征分析  

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of leprosy in Guiyang before and after the leprosy hazard elimination campaign

作　　者：戴斯琦 马璐 杨敬源[1] 周健 杨琴[2] 佘敏[2] 张欐[2] 祝继 李劲[2] 黄斌[2] 黄燕瑶[1] DAI Si-qi;MA Lu;YANG Jing-yuan;ZHOU Jian;YANG Qin;SHE Min;ZHANG Li;ZHU Ji;LI Jin;HUANG Bin;HUANG Yan-yao(Department of Epidemiology and Statistics,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]贵州医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与统计学教研室,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵阳市疾病预防控制中心皮肤病防治科,贵州贵阳550003

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2022年第2期217-221,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析贵阳市消除麻风病危害行动前、中、后麻风病流行病学特征的变化,为今后麻风防治工作提供依据。方法回顾性对比分析贵阳市开展消除麻风危害行动前(2006—2010年)、消除麻风危害行动中(2011—2015年)和消除麻风危害行动后(2016—2020年)三个阶段的年均发现率、麻风新发病例人口学特征、延迟期、Ⅱ级畸残率、发现方式等相关指标。结果消除麻风危害行动后,麻风新发病例减少,发现率呈显著下降趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=27.965,P<0.001),15~29岁呈显著上升趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=8.190,P=0.004),≥50岁以上(χ_(趋势)^(2)=8.882,P=0.003)、农民(χ_(趋势)^(2)=26.478,P<0.001)呈显著下降趋势;发现方式中主动发现、线索调查(χ_(趋势)^(2)=14.971,P<0.001)显著下降,被动发现(χ_(趋势)^(2)=13.641,P<0.001)、皮肤科门诊(χ_(趋势)^(2)=21.578,P<0.001)发现显著上升;Ⅱ级畸残率由消麻行动前的35.48%下降到消麻行动后的20.83%。消除麻风病危害行动期间的延迟期≤12个月的比例为56.72%,显著低于其他两个阶段(χ_(趋势)^(2)=9.507,P=0.009)。结论消除麻风危害行动能够及时发现麻风病人,特别是农村地区的病人,能够降低Ⅱ级畸残率,缩短病例发现延迟期,对促进贵阳市麻风防治具有积极作用。Objective To analyze the changes in epidemiological characteristics of leprosy before and after the leprosy hazard elimination campaign in Guiyang,and to provide scientific evidences for future leprosy prevention and treatment.Methods Retrospective comparative analysis of the average annual detection rate,new leprosy cases,demographic characteristics of cases,delay period,Grade II deformity disability rate,and mode of detection before(2006-2010),during(2011-2015) and after(2016-2020) the leprosy elimination campaign in Guiyang was conducted.Results After the leprosy hazard elimination campaign,the incidence of new leprosy cases decreased,and the detection rate showed a significant downward trend( χ_(trend)^(2)=27.965,P<0.001).The age group of 15 to 29 years showed a significant upward trend(χ_(trend)^(2)=8.190,P=0.004),while the age group ≥50 years(χ_(trend)^(2)=8.882,P=0.003) and farmers(χ_(trend)^(2)=26.478,P<0.001) showed a significant downward trend.In terms of the discovery methods,active discovery and lead investigation(χ_(trend)^(2)=14.971,P <0.001) decreased significantly,while passive discovery(χ_(trend)^(2)=13.641,P <0.001) and outpatient discovery in dermatology department(χ_(trend)^(2) =21.578,P <0.001)increased significantly.The rate of grade II deformity decreased from 35.48% before the campaign to 20.83 % after the campaign.The proportion of delayed period ≤12 months during the campaign was 57.35%,which was significantly lower than that in the other two stages(χ_(trend)^(2)=9.507,P=0.009).Conclusion The leprosy hazard elimination campaign can detect leprosy patients in time,especially in rural areas,and can reduce the rate of grade II deformity disability and shorten the delay period of case detection,which has a positive effect on promoting leprosy prevention and treatment in Guiyang.

关 键 词：麻风 消除麻风病危害行动 流行病学 

分 类 号：R755[医药卫生—皮肤病学与性病学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]