“融合新闻学”:符合时代特征的总名称——关于“后新闻业时代”开启后新闻学命名问题的初步思考  

“Convergence Journalism” : TheGeneral Name in line with the Contemporary Characteristics——Preliminary thoughts on the naming of post-journalism in “post-journalism era”

作　　者：杨保军[1,2] Yang Baojun(Research Center of Journalism and Social Development Renmin University of China;School of Journalism and Communication,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学新闻与社会发展研究中心,北京100872 [2]中国人民大学新闻学院

出　　处：《新闻界》2022年第1期100-110,117,共12页Journalism and Mass Communication

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金项目“当代中国新闻理论研究”(18XNLG06)。

摘　　要：作为学科的现代新闻学在中国只有一百多年的历史。新闻学是研究新闻现象、新闻活动的总名称。新闻学是历史性的存在,人们回望反思新闻学的历史演变或前瞻新闻学的未来发展时,会对不同历史阶段的新闻学赋予不同的定性名称。当以互联网为基础的一系列新兴媒介技术造成人类新闻活动以及传统新闻业革命性变革后,新闻学也正在进入一个新的时代,各种新的名称层出不穷,在不同视野、从不同角度揭示了新闻学的时代性特征,但一些命名也比较随意,缺乏深入系统的思考。新闻学经历了单一报学(印刷新闻学)时期(第一时期)、印刷新闻学和广播电视新闻学共在的时期(第二时期),这两个时期一起构成了学界通常所说的"传统新闻学时代"。互联网诞生后,新闻学逐步开启了相对于前两个时期的第三个时期或相对前一时代的第二个时代。于是,如何命名第三时期或第二时代的新闻学,使新的名称既能反映当今的实际、又具有充分的历史包容性和未来前瞻性便成为问题。命名新阶段或新时代的新闻学需要考虑多种因素,但最主要的依据是学科研究对象的变化。与传统新闻业时代相比,新闻学研究对象的实质性变化是:由职业新闻活动为主转变成了职业新闻活动与非职业新闻活动共同构成的社会化新闻活动、融合性新闻活动;由"人主体"新闻活动为主正在向"人主体"与"人机交互主体""智能体"相融合的新闻活动形态转变。因此,新时期的新闻学,比较合理的总体命名应该是:融合新闻学。As a discipline, modern journalism has only a history of more than one hundred years in China. Journalism is the general name of the studying of the journalistic phenomenon and journalistic activities. Journalism is a historical existence. People will give different names to journalism in different historical stages when they look back and reflect on the historical evolution of journalism or look forward to the future development of journalism. Journalism is also entering a new era while a series of new media technologies based on the Internet has caused the revolutionary transformation of human journalistic activities and traditional journalism.A variety of new names emerge endlessly, revealing the contemporary characteristics of journalism from different perspectives. However, some names are quite arbitrary and lack in-depth and systematic thinking. Journalism has experienced the single newspaper studies(print journalism)period(the first period) and the period of print journalism coexisted with broadcast television journalism(the second period), which together constitute what is commonly referred to as the "traditional journalism era." After the birth of the Internet, journalism has gradually started a third period relative to the previous two periods or a second era relative to the previous era. As a result, there’s a question about how to name journalism of the third period or the second era so that the new name can not only reflect the present reality, but also be fully inclusive in history and forward-looking in the future. Naming journalism in a new period or era requires consideration of many factors, but the most important basis is the change of the object of academic research. Compared with the traditional journalism era, the substantial changes of the research object of journalism are as follows:From mainly professional journalistic activities to socialized journalistic activities and convergent journalistic activities which are composed of both professional and non-professional journalistic activiti

关 键 词：新闻学 命名依据 融合性新闻活动 融合新闻学 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]