《斋宿听琴图》与永乐初年翰林心态  

Listening to a Guqin While Fasting and the Mental State of the Hanlin in the Early Years of the Yongle Period

作　　者：林玉洁 Lin Yujie

机构地区：[1]广州南方学院文学与传媒学院,广东广州510970

出　　处：《艺术探索》2021年第6期30-39,共10页Arts Exploration

基　　金：2017年广东省哲学社会科学“十三五”规划项目“明代广东翰林群体及其文学研究”(GD17YZW03)。

摘　　要：永乐三年,明成祖朱棣举行郊祭大典,君臣斋戒,期间七名翰林学士在翰林院斋宿期间雅集,王绂据此而绘的《斋宿听琴图》成为明初翰林雅集图的代表。王绂此画是元末以来的江南文人山水图式的延续,审美趣味上追求平淡简远的基调,这和永乐初期的翰林心态有着密切联系。参与雅集者多以清高孤寒的形象示人。他们都是洪武朝旧臣,都曾亲历或目睹明太祖朱元璋治下的各类党锢连坐,这也颇能窥见雅集者的审慎心态。出于描摹琴声的需要,参与雅集的诗歌整体上呈现出一种模拟魏晋六朝古诗的拟古倾向,诗歌内容呈现出对儒家君子品格和美政的向往,平淡简远的审美意趣,以及颂圣倾向和趋向舂容典雅的意图,风格颇为杂糅。这反映了永乐初年翰林文臣复杂特殊的政治心态,渴望政治清明、国家稳定,但又畏祸求脱,颇为谨慎,展显出一种耿介姿态和静远清淡境界,这与永乐后期翰林的鸣盛基调是颇为不同的。In the third year of the Yongle period(1405),the Ming emperor Chengzu Zhu Di held a grand ceremony of sacrifice and fasting for the emperor and his ministers.During that time,seven members of the Hanlin Academy organised an elegant gathering(yaji雅集).Because Wang Fu painted Listening to a Guqin While Fasting斋宿听琴图,he became the representative of the Hanlin elegant gathering of the early Ming Dynasty.Wang Fu’s painting is a continuation of the Jiangnan literati landscape style since the end of Yuan Dynasty,marked by a plain and simple aesthetic pursuit,and closely related to the Hanlin mentality in the early days of the Yongle period.After investigating the origins of those who participated in the gathering,it has been found that most of them pursued individual characteristics such as aloofness and loneliness.Those who took part in the gathering were all former officials who had served during the reign of Hongwu,and who had witnessed various forms of political repression under the rule of Zhu Yuanzhang.This allows us to catch a glimpse of the cautious mentality which marked the gathering.For the sake of imitating the sound of the qin,the poems presented at the gathering tended to imitate the ancient poetry of the Wei,Jin,and Six Dynasties.The content of the poems expressed a yearning for the Confucian gentleman’s character and practice of good governance,plain and simple aesthetic flavour,as well as a tendency to praise the ancient sages and an inclination towards leisurely elegance—lyrical styles were in fact quite mixed.This reflects the complicated and special political state of mind of the Hanlin officials in the early years of the Yongle period,as well as their yearning for political clarity and national stability,yet their fear of personal setbacks induced them to overall cautiousness.They thus displayed an attitude of uprightness and tranquility,quite different from the vigour that marked Hanlin officials throughout the later years of the Yongle period.

关 键 词：《斋宿听琴图》 翰林雅集 永乐朝政治 

分 类 号：J212[艺术—美术] K248.1[历史地理—历史学]