共产主义理论与社会主义实践——苏联的教训和中国的未来  

Communism Theory and Socialism Practice:Lessons from the Soviet Union and China’s Future

作　　者：亚历山大·布兹加林 柳德米拉·布拉夫卡-布兹加林娜 郭丽双 王嘉亮 Alexander Buzgalin;Lyudmila Bulavka-Buzgalina

机构地区：[1]俄罗斯莫斯科国立大学哲学系当代马克思主义研究中心 [2]复旦大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《俄罗斯研究》2021年第6期52-73,共22页Russian Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“21世纪俄罗斯马克思主义研究”(项目批准号:20&ZD011);上海市哲学社会科学规划课题“21世纪俄罗斯马克思主义前沿问题研究”(项目批准号:2020BZX011)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：庆祝中国共产党建党百年的重要意义在于展示21世纪共产主义运动的光明前景。中国以创造性的劳动推动了21世纪世界共产主义的跨越式发展。中国共产党成功的深层原因在于,许多中国共产党人把实现共产主义作为自己毕生的目标和生命的意义。本文探析了什么是共产主义、如何判定苏联社会主义的性质、如何评价新经济政策和列宁的社会主义观等问题,进而揭示苏联社会主义的经验教训对于中国共产党的借鉴意义。共产主义是一种取代所有对抗性社会经济形态的社会制度,其基本原则是通过创造性的工作、自由支配时间和实现按需分配来保证人的自由全面发展。人类正在走向"自由王国",其前提是将人从全面异化中解放出来。苏联的社会主义是共产主义发展的最初阶段,是一种"突变社会主义"。新经济政策是社会主义初期理想模式的过渡性理论与实践,体现了列宁的社会主义观在不断发展。中国共产党以批判性和创造性的思维借鉴了苏联几十年的建设经验及教训,中国将成为未来世界社会主义事业发展道路的引领者。The significance of celebrating the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China is to show the bright prospects of the communist movement in the 21 st century.China has promoted the leapfrog development of world communism in the 21 st century with creative work.The underlying reason for the success of the Chinese Communist Party is that many Chinese Communists regard the realization of communism as their lifelong goals and the meaning of their lives.This article explores what is communism,how to judge the nature of Soviet socialism,how to evaluate the New Economic Policy and Lenin’s view of socialism,and then reveals the lessons of Soviet socialism for the Chinese Communist Party.Communism is a social system that replaces all antagonistic social and economic forms.Its basic principle is to ensure the free and comprehensive development of people through creative work,free control of time,and distribution on demand.The mankind is moving towards the“realm of freedom”,and the premise is to liberate man from total alienation.The socialism of the Soviet Union was the initial stage of the communism and a“mutation of socialism”.The New Economic Policy is a transitional theory and practice of the ideal model in the initial stage of socialism,reflecting the continuous development of Lenin’s view of socialism.With critical and creative thinking,the Communist Party of China has borrowed construction experience and lessons from the Soviet Union.China will lead the way for the development of global socialism in the future.

关 键 词：苏联社会主义 新经济政策 中国共产党 世界社会主义 

分 类 号：D616[政治法律—政治学]