上海合作组织与欧盟中亚治理的比较——构建命运共同体还是规范性改变  

Comparison of the SCO and EU Governance in Central Asia: Building a Community of Shared Future or Normative Changes

作　　者：孙超[1] Sun Chao

机构地区：[1]中共江苏省委党校世界经济与政治教研部

出　　处：《俄罗斯研究》2021年第6期140-164,共25页Russian Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“冷战后欧亚地区民族分离运动比较研究”(项目批准号:19CGJ014)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：2021年是上海合作组织成立20周年。在"上海精神"的引领下,上合组织在发挥功能合作、增进民心相通、构建集体认同等方面表现出色。相比之下,欧盟在中亚推进的"规范性外交"却遭遇诸多瓶颈。因此,欧盟也在调整其中亚政策。2019年,欧盟启动全新的中亚战略,将"连通"作为核心理念,推动中亚扫清基础设施建设的连通障碍和制度障碍,"涓滴"欧洲化的治理模式。但这一新战略的推进存在较大的难度:一是缺失地区合作的双赢思维,导致有效多边主义难以实现;二是过分强调地区治理的条件性和规范性,束缚了合作的灵活性;三是集中关注民主和人权议题,引起中亚各国的普遍不安。在国际大变局下,欧盟的中亚治理需摒弃零和思维,将上海合作组织视为伙伴而非对手,才能推进中亚善治的目标。2021 marks the 20 th anniversary of the establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Guided by “the Shanghai Spirit”, the SCO has performed outstandingly in terms of function cooperation, enhancing people-to-people bonds, building collective identities and etc. In contrast, the EU’s “normative diplomacy” in Central Asia has encountered many bottlenecks.Therefore, the EU is also adjusting its Central Asia policy. In 2019, the European Union launched a brand-new Central Asia strategy, with “connectivity” as its core concept, promoting Central Asia to sweep away connectivity and institutional obstacles against infrastructure construction, and “trickling-down”the Europeanized governance model. However, there are difficulties in advancing this new strategy. First, the lack of a win-win thinking for regional cooperation makes it difficult to achieve effective multilateralism. Second, it restricts the flexibility of cooperation to put excessive emphasis on the conditional and normative nature of regional governance. Third, it has caused widespread anxiety among Central Asian countries to focus on democracy and human rights. In the face of major international changes, the EU needs to abandon the zero-sum thinking concerning its governance in Central Asia and treat the Shanghai Cooperation Organization as its partner rather than its opponent so as to advance its goal of good governance in Central Asia.

关 键 词：上海精神 上海合作组织 欧盟治理模式 欧盟中亚战略 

分 类 号：D814.1[政治法律—国际关系]