农户兼业是否导致农业生产低效率?——基于农业社会化服务视角  

Does part-time farming necessarily lead to low efficiency of agriculture production? From the perspective of agricultural social service

作　　者：蔡文聪 杨海钰 张强强 霍学喜 CAI Wencong;YANG Haiyu;ZHANG Qiangqiang;HUO Xuexi(College of Economics and Management,Northwest A&F University,Center for Western Rural Development,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学经济管理学院,西部农村发展研究中心,杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2022年第1期26-32,共7页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-28)资助。

摘　　要：根据要素配置理论,采用SFA、分位数回归和中介效应方法和全国5个苹果主产省956个苹果户实地调研数据,基于社会化服务视角考察农户兼业对生产效率的影响及作用机理。结果发现:1)苹果户生产效率低,存在37.70%的技术效率损失,其中主要原因在于经营管理低效率。2)兼业显著抑制苹果户生产效率,且随着生产效率分位点上升,兼业对生产效率的抑制作用逐渐减弱。3)苹果户参与社会化服务市场在兼业对生产效率影响中发挥部分中介效应,即影响机理为"农户兼业-要素市场有效性-农业生产效率"。4)兼业对生产效率的影响方向和影响程度因农作物属性、农业社会化服务发育程度和生产环节标准化程度而异。Based on the theory of factor allocation, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the part-time farming′s influence on agricultural efficiency from the perspective of agricultural social service through the empirical research of 956 apple households in five major apple producing provinces. SFA analysis, quantile regression and mediating effect regression methods were employed in the paper. The results show that: 1) The production efficiency of apple households is low, with 37.7% loss of technical efficiency, which is mainly from the low efficiency of operation and management. 2) Part-time farming significantly inhibited the production efficiency of apple households, and with the increase of the quantile of production efficiency, the inhibitory effect of part-time farming on production efficiency gradually weakens. 3) Apple households′participation in agricultural social service market plays an intermediary role in the impact of part-time farming on production efficiency. The influencing mechanism is "part-time farming-efficiency of factor market-efficiency of agricultural production". 4) The direction and degree of influence of part-time farming on production efficiency vary with crop attributes, the development of regional agricultural socialized services and the standardization of production links.

关 键 词：兼业 生产效率 农业社会化服务 苹果户 

分 类 号：F304[经济管理—产业经济]