草地切根施肥补播复式改良机设计与试验  

Design and experiment of root-cutter with fertilization and reseeding compound remediation machine for grassland

作　　者：梁方[1,2,3] 王德成 尤泳[2,4] 王光辉[2,4] 王宇兵[1] 张晓明 冯金奎[2] LIANG Fang;WANG De-cheng;YOU Yong;WANG Guang-hui;WANG Yu-bing;ZHANG Xiao-ming;FENG Jin-kui(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Soil-machine-plant System of Chinese Agriculture Ministry,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083 [3]农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉430070 [4]中国农业大学农业部土壤-机器-植物系统技术重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（工学版）》2022年第1期231-241,共11页Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52175233);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2021CFB433).

摘　　要：为改良退化草地,设计了一种多功能草地切根施肥补播复式作业机,可实现切根施肥、切根补播、切根施肥补播不同方式作业,解决了草地土壤坚实度高、残茬根系量大带来的切根阻力大、开沟入土难以及地表起伏不平、多坑洞石砾造成地轮滑移架空带来的播量不均问题,并进行了切根刀具刃口曲线优化和分层交错式覆土开沟装置及基于槽轮长度与转速同步控制的播量控制系统设计。优化得到,初始静态滑切角取40°,静态滑切角与极角的比例系数取—0.1时的正弦指数曲线为切根刀具最优刃口曲线;设计的分层交错式覆土开沟装置,采用破土刀齿破茬-种沟双圆盘开沟器开沟覆土-肥沟双圆盘开沟器压土成沟并覆盖种沟的工艺,实现草地低扰动开沟,田间试验结果表明,该方法能够实现稳定开沟,形成深47.3 mm、宽29.5 mm的肥床与深44.7 mm、宽19.9 mm的种床,且地表破坏率均值为14.2%,利于草地植被保护;设计的基于槽轮长度与转速同步控制的播量控制系统,通过采集机组左、右地轮转速频率信号进行比较,采用较大者控制槽轮转速与槽轮长度,实现播量与机组前进速度同步匹配与调节,Protues电路仿真结果表明,设计系统具备地轮转速频率信号比较、电机转速与地轮转速同步控制和传动比调节功能,有助于提高播量均匀性。本研究可为草地切根施肥补播复式改良机具设计提供参考与理论依据。To remediate the degraded grassland,the root-cutter with fertilization and reseeding compound machine was designed,which could realize the multi-functions of root-cutting with fertilizing,root-cutting with reseeding and root-cutting with fertilizing and reseeding.This machine can be used to solve the problems in furrowing and cutting process,such as the high firmness and great amount of the stubble of the grassland soil,the unevenness of seeding rate caused by the sliding of the wheel on the uneven grassland with many holes and gravel.The edge curves of the root-cutting blades were optimized,showing that the exponential sine curve was the best suitable edge curve when the value of the beginning static sliding cut angle was 40°and the proportional coefficient between the increment of the static sliding cutting angle and the polar angle was-0.1.The layered-staggered-covering furrowing device was innovated.the working process includes the following steps,after the soil surface was broken by the stubble-cutting blade,seed bed was formed with seeding double disc furrow opener,fertilizer bed was formed with fertilization double disc furrow opener pressing down the soil to the specify depth in the root-cutting opening and pushing the soil to cover the seed.The results show that the device can furrow stably and form suitable fertilizer bed and seed bed.The depth and width of the fertilizer bed were 47.3 mm and 29.5 mm,the depth and width of the seed bed were 44.7 mm and 19.9 mm,while the soil broken rate was just 14.2%,which benefits for the protection of the grassland degradation.The seeding control system of the groove wheel was designed by controlling the rotation speed and the working length of the groove wheel seeder.In the system,the two signals of the two ground wheels speed were collected and compared,the higher one was used for the control unit to control the speed of motors to change the rotation speed length of the groove wheel seeder to keep the seeding amount consistent by synchronizing the speed of the abo

关 键 词：农业工程 草地改良 切根施肥补播 刀具 开沟装置 播量控制系统 性能试验 

分 类 号：S222.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]