辽宁省一起野禽H5N6高致病性禽流感疫情的紧急流行病学调查  

An Emergency Investigation on the Outbreak of H5N6 HPAI in Wild Birds in Liaoning Province

作　　者：兰德松 顾贵波 赵培 杨洺扬 齐景文[2] 吴靖[2] 郑洪玲 申贯男 崔基贤 李树博 于本良 Lan Desong;Gu Guibo;Zhao Pei;Yang Mingyang;Qi Jingwen;Wu Jing;Zheng Hongling;Shen Guannan;Cui Jixian;Li Shubo;Yu Benliang(Liaoning Agricultural Development Service Center,Liaoning Animal Medical Research Institute,Shenyang,Liaoning 110164,China;Shenyang Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention,Shenyang,Liaoning 110034,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业发展服务中心,辽宁省动物医学研究院,辽宁沈阳110164 [2]沈阳市动物疫病预防控制中心,辽宁沈阳110034

出　　处：《中国动物检疫》2022年第2期5-11,共7页China Animal Health Inspection

基　　金：中国兽医现场流行病学培训项目(CFETPV)。

摘　　要：2021年4月6日,辽宁省沈阳市和平区长白岛森林公园内饲养的10只黑天鹅和1只大雁死亡,袭击率为3.8%(11/291)。经现场调查和临床剖检诊断,市级和省级疫病控制中心实验室检测,诊断为疑似H5亚型高致病性禽流感。随后,经国家禽流感参考实验室确诊为H5N6亚型高致病性禽流感。4月12日,农业农村部公布了该起疫情。在接到疫情报告后,辽宁省农业农村厅立即组织紧急流行病学调查组,采用现地察看、座谈、问卷调查、实验室检测等方式,对疫情发生情况进行调查,追溯疫情来源,追踪疫情扩散风险,并提出针对性防控措施。经综合判定,疫情由迁徙候鸟带毒传入引发的可能性较大;未开展禽流感免疫接种,未建立起有效的免疫保护屏障,是此次疫情发生的内因。经科学处置,疫情被扑灭,扩散风险低。疫情启示,扎实做好公园、动物园等观赏野禽饲养相关场所的禽流感强制免疫工作,切实筑牢野禽及家禽禽流感免疫保护屏障,对降低禽流感疫情发生风险具有重要意义。On April 6,2021,ten black swans and one wild goose kept in Changbai Island Forest Park located in Heping District of Shenyang City of Liaoning Province died,with an attack rate of 3.8%(11/291),which was confirmed to be a suspected H5 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)as diagnosed through field investigation and clinical autopsy and tested by the laboratories of the centers for animal disease prevention and control at municipal and provincial levels,and subsequently confirmed to be H5N6 HPAI by National Avian Influenza Reference Laboratory. On April 12,the outbreak was announced by the Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs.Upon receiving a report on the outbreak,an emergency epidemiological investigation team was immediately organized by Liaoning Department of Agricultural and Rural Affairs to investigate the occurrence of the outbreak,track any possible sources and risk of spreading by means of field observation,interview,questionnaire and laboratory testing,and to propose targeted measures for prevention and control of the disease. It was comprehensively determined that the epidemic was more likely to be caused by migratory birds carrying with virus,and the internal factors included lack of vaccination against avian influenza(AI)and failure to establish an effective immune barrier. The outbreak was finally eradicated through scientific disposal,with low risk of spreading. It was concluded that compulsory vaccination against AI should be strengthened in parks,zoos and the premises involved in breeding of ornamental wild birds,and the immune barriers against AI in wild birds and poultry should be stabilized,which would play an important role in reduction of the risk of AI occurrence.

关 键 词：H5N6高致病性禽流感 紧急流行病学调查 黑天鹅 大雁 辽宁 

分 类 号：S851.3[农业科学—预防兽医学]