山东省野鸟栖息地情况调研  

Investigation on Wild Bird Habitats in Shandong Province

作　　者：刘存 韦雪华 李星[1] 邢林林 孙燕 孔祥华[1] 徐鸿[1] 孙圣福[1] 陈静[1] Liu Cun;Wei Xuehua;Li Xing;XingLinlin;Sun Yan;Kong Xianghua;Xu Hong;Sun Shengfu;Chen Jing(Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control,Jinan,Shandong 250100,China;Weihai Modern Animal Husbandry Development Service Center,Weihai,Shandong 257091,China;Weifang Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center,Weifang,Shandong 261000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省动物疫病预防与控制中心,山东济南250100 [2]威海市畜牧发展中心,山东威海257091 [3]潍坊市动物疫病预防控制中心,山东潍坊261000

出　　处：《中国动物检疫》2022年第2期21-25,共5页China Animal Health Inspection

基　　金：山东省家禽产业技术体系省综合试验站项目(SDAIT-11-13)。

摘　　要：2021年1月,山东省东营市发生天鹅H5N8亚型高致病性禽流感疫情,给山东省禽流感疫情防控与净化带来了极大挑战。为了解山东省野鸟栖息地及野鸟分布信息,采用问卷调查方式,对山东省野鸟栖息地类型、分布、野鸟种类以及迁徙时间等进行调研。同时,采集野鸟粪便,用荧光定量RT-PCR或PCR方法进行H5亚型禽流感、新城疫、鸭瘟、鸭肝炎等疫病病原检测。本次调查共回收有效问卷58份,采集野鸟粪便165份。结果显示:山东省适宜野鸟活动的栖息地种类多,以湿地、河流、森林公园为主;栖息地野鸟以候鸟和留鸟为主,其中候鸟以大雁、天鹅、燕子、白鹭、苍鹭居多,留鸟以麻雀、喜鹊、斑鸠、野鸡、乌鸦为主;多数栖息地存在不同野鸟混居现象,以留鸟和候鸟混居较多;48.28%的受访者表示辖区内栖息地野鸟数量有所增加,34.48%的受访者表示没有明显变化,其他受访者表示数量减少,而气候变化和人为因素被认为是影响野鸟数量变化的主要因素;77.90%的受访对象(动物疫病控制机构)开展了禽流感监测,并与林业主管部门建立了合作交流机制;野鸟粪便样品中未检测到H5亚型禽流感、新城疫、鸭瘟、鸭肝炎等疫病病原核酸。本次调研掌握了山东省野鸟栖息地类型、野鸟种类、迁徙时间、数量变化以及野鸟中危害较大病原的感染情况,为防范野鸟散播疫病风险指明了方向,为禽流感防控及免疫无疫病区建设与维持提供了支撑。In January 2021,an outbreak of H5N8 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)occurred in swans in Dongying City,Shandong Province,posing huge challenges to the prevention,control and eradication of avian influenza(AI)in the province. In order to clarify the information of habitats and distribution of wild birds in the province,the type and location of the habitats,species and migration time of wild birds,etc.,were investigated.Meanwhile,165 wild bird feces were collected to detect the pathogens of H5 subtype AI,Newcastle disease,duck plague,duck hepatitis and other diseases by fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR or PCR. A total of 58 valid questionnaires were replied and received. The results showed that there was a wide variety of habitats suitable for wild birds in Shandong Province,mainly including wetlands,rivers and forest parks where migratory birds(including wild geese,swans,swallows,egrets and herons)and resident birds(including sparrows,magpies,turtledoves,pheasants and crows)lived. Different wild birds mixed with each other in most habitats,especially resident birds with migratory birds;48.28% interviewees said that the number of wild birds in local habitats had increased,34.48% did not observed any obvious changes,and others thought that the number decreased due to climate changes and human factors;77.90% interviewed organizations(animal disease control authorities)carried out monitoring on AI,and established a cooperation and exchange mechanism with forestry authorities;and no pathogenic nucleic acids of H5 AI,Newcastle disease,duck plague,duck hepatitis and other diseases were detected from the feces samples. As it was investigated that the information of habitat types,species,migration time,quantity changes and major pathogen infection of wild birds in Shandong Province was identified,which directed the improvement of prevention and control of disease spreading via wild birds,and supported its prevention and control as well as the construction and maintenance of AI free zones with vaccination.

关 键 词：野鸟 候鸟 迁徙 栖息地 调查报告 

分 类 号：S851.3[农业科学—预防兽医学]