水稻籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用的理论与实践  

Theory and practice of utilizing xian-geng inter-subspecific heterosis in rice

作　　者：米甲明 欧阳亦聃[2] MI Jiaming;OUYANG Yidan(College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University/National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Plant Gene Research Center (Wuhan)/Hubei Hongshan Laboratory,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,武汉430070 [2]华中农业大学生命科学技术学院/作物遗传改良国家重点实验室/国家植物基因研究中心(武汉)/湖北洪山实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2022年第1期40-47,共8页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31991223,32101688,32170622);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2020CFB192)。

摘　　要：水稻是我国杂种优势利用最成功的作物,对世界粮食增产贡献巨大。亚洲栽培稻包含籼稻和粳稻2个亚种,籼粳亚种间的远缘杂种优势尤为突出,可作为提高水稻单产的重要途径。但是籼粳亚种间的杂种育性普遍较低,是利用远缘杂种优势的最大限制因素。本文剖析了水稻籼粳杂种不育的遗传基础,揭示了系列杂种不育位点的分子机制;在此基础上解析了广亲和基因的产生机制,这一类基因资源可作为亚种间杂交稻育种的“桥梁”,用于提高籼粳杂交稻的育性。这些理论成果促进了籼粳杂种结实率遗传改良的高效化和精准化。两系法、三系法与“籼不粳恢”、“粳不籼恢”相结合的配组模式,成为强优势籼粳亚种间杂交稻大规模生产的重要途径。培育集绿色、营养、健康性状于一体的高产优质籼粳杂交稻是未来水稻育种的重要方向之一。Rice is the most successful crop in the utilization of heterosis in China,and it has made a huge contribution to the increase of food production in world.Asian cultivated rice(Oryza sativa L.)includes two subspecies of indica/xian and japonica/geng.The distant heterosis between indica/xian and japonica/geng subspecies is particularly prominent,which can be used as an important way to increase the yield of rice per area.However,the hybrid fertility between xian and geng subspecies is generally low,which is the biggest limiting factor in the utilization of distant heterosis.This article analyzed the genetic basis of rice xian-geng hybrid sterility,and revealed the molecular mechanism of corresponding hybrid sterility loci.On this basis,the origin of wide-compatibility genes was studied.This type of genetic resources can be used as a“bridge”for the breeding of intersubspecific hybrid rice,and can be used to improve the fertility of xian-geng hybrid rice.The theoretical results above have promoted the high efficiency and precision of the genetic improvement of the seed setting rate of xian-geng hybrids.The combination of two-line method and three-line method with“xian male sterility line and geng restorer line”and“geng male sterility line and xian restorer line”has become an important way for the large-scale utilization of strong intersubspecific heterosis of xian-geng hybrid rice.Developing xian-geng hybrid rice with high-yield,quality,and nutrition that integrates green,nutritious and healthy traits is one of the important directions for breeding rice in the future.

关 键 词：水稻 籼粳杂种不育 广亲和性 亚种间杂种优势利用 

分 类 号：S511.351[农业科学—作物学]