跨国移民的兴起与东盟国家的应对--基于柬埔寨、菲律宾、印度尼西亚和马来西亚的比较研究  

A Comparative Study of the Rise of Transnational Migration and the Responses of ASEAN Countries: Based on Cambodia, the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia

作　　者：陈礼豪 张振江 CHEN Lihao;ZHANG Zhenjiang

机构地区：[1]暨南大学国际关系学院/华侨华人研究院

出　　处：《东南亚纵横》2021年第3期17-30,共14页Crossroads：Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社科研究一般项目《东南亚区域合作史》(项目批准号:08JA770019)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：在全球范围内日益兴起的跨国移民现象既带来了许多新问题,也为世界政治的发展注入了新的动力。东盟国家在海外也有着规模庞大的侨民群体,各国对此采取了不同的应对措施。那么,东盟各国应对跨国移民的措施分别具有哪些特点呢?本文结合现有研究和雷纳·鲍伯克归纳的跨国移民现象应对路径后发现,东盟各国应对跨国移民现象的措施分别属于承认双重国籍、双轨并行、建立“族裔”制度和坚持单一国籍这4类路径。本文在4类路径中分别选取柬埔寨、菲律宾、印度尼西亚和马来西亚4国作为案例,并通过回溯和比较4国应对跨国移民措施的生成与演变后认为,效忠和权利是东盟国家应对跨国移民时的核心考量。本文据此指出,未来的相关研究可循着探讨东盟各国形成不同应对路径的影响因素、剖析具有移民输出国和接收国双重属性的东盟国家之应对措施,以及研究东盟国家如何从区域和双边合作层面应对不断兴起的区域内跨国移民这3个方向进行拓展。The emergence of transnational migration on the global scale,on one hand,has brought many new issues,and injected new impetus into the world politics on the other hand.ASEAN countries also have a large number of diasporas overseas,and each country has taken different responses to deal with them.Then,what are the characteristics of the responses taken by ASEAN countries to deal with the diasporic phenomenon?With combination of the existing research and the approach categories summarized by Rainer Baubock,this paper finds that the responses of ASEAN countries to cope with transnational migration fall into four categories:1)recognition of dual nationality;2)parallel running of dual track;3)establishment of“ethnizenship”;and 4)adherence to single nationality.In this paper,Cambodia,the Philippines,Indonesia and Malaysia are selected as cases in accordance with the four categories.After the generation and evolution of the responses taken in the four countries are reviewed and compared,it is concluded that loyalty and rights are the core considerations for ASEAN countries to deal with the diasporic phenomena.As such,it is pointed out that future research can be expanded in three directions:1)the factors influencing ASEAN countries to formulate different approaches;2)the countermeasures for ASEAN countries with dual characteristics of immigration sending and receiving countries,and 3)how ASEAN countries cope with the rising phenomenon of regional dispersion through regional and bilateral cooperation.

关 键 词：跨国移民 东盟国家 侨民 双重国籍 “族裔身份” 

分 类 号：D523.8[政治法律—政治学]