大倾角底坡泄槽收缩段水流水力特性模型试验研究  

Model experimental research on hydraulic characteristics in contraction section of large slopes chute

作　　者：张小飞[1] 覃培 何飞龙 黄佳敏 肖天培 吴健 ZHANG Xiao-fei;QIN Pei;HE Fei-long;HUANG Jia-min;XIAO Tian-pei;WU Jian(School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学土木建筑工程学院,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《广西大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第6期1479-1487,共9页Journal of Guangxi University（Natural Science Edition）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51809051)。

摘　　要：为了进一步揭示大倾角底坡、大边墙收缩角泄槽收缩段内水流的水力特性,建立了不同大倾角底坡和大收缩角的泄槽收缩段模型进行试验,以观测不同底坡和收缩角对泄槽收缩段内的水深、边墙动水压力和冲击波波角的影响。研究结果表明:①大底坡泄槽边墙收缩段产生的冲击波的影响范围很小,只有紧邻边墙的水流受冲击波的影响;边墙处水流分层明显,水面线主要由收缩起点处跃起的水流决定。②边墙处的时均动水压力与边墙水深的关系远非线性,不同边墙收缩角、不同断面的时均动水压力沿边墙水深的变化规律明显不同。③大倾角底坡泄槽边墙收缩段所产生的急流冲击波的形态与小倾角水流冲击波差异较大,现有冲击波理论在大倾角泄槽中的应用存在一定局限性。The present study aims to better reveal the hydraulic characteristics of the water flow in the contraction section of the chute with a large bottom slope and a large side wall contraction angle.We established chute models with different large bottom slopes and large shrinkage angles for testing.And we observed the effects of different slopes and contraction angles on water depth,side wall hydrodynamic pressure and shock wave angle in the contraction section of the chute.Results show that:(1)The impact range of the shock wave generated by the contraction section of the side wall of the large bottom slope chute is very small.Only the water flow adjacent to the side wall is affected by the shock wave;the water flow at the side wall is obviously stratified,and the water surface line is mainly determined by the water flow at the start of the contraction.(2)The relationship between the time-averaged hydrodynamic pressure at the side wall and the water depth of the side wall is far non-linear,and the time-averaged hydrodynamic pressure at different side wall contraction angles and different cross-sections varies significantly along the side wall water depth.(3)The shape of the jet shock wave generated by the contraction section of the side wall of the large-incline vent is quite different from that of the small-incline jet.The existing shock wave theory has certain limitations in the application of the large-incline vent.

关 键 词：泄槽 收缩段 水力特性 模型试验 急流冲击波 

分 类 号：TV335[水利工程—水工结构工程]