蒙古与回鹘故事中的文化心理共性——以一则回鹘文故事残卷为例  

A Turfan Uighur Fragment and its Relationship with Mongolian and Tibetan Tales of“Lion and bull”

作　　者：乃日斯克 Nairsag

机构地区：[1]中央广播电视总台民族节目中心

出　　处：《吐鲁番学研究》2021年第2期101-107,I0004,156,共9页TURFANOLOGICAL RESEARCH

摘　　要：“狮子与公牛”的故事在西域、蒙古民间广为流传。吐鲁番回鹘文残片中的譬喻故事内容虽然残缺,但其故事细节生动,丰满,描写细腻。回鹘文残片内容的雏形已经在巴利文《本生经》中基本形成。从故事中主人公之间从“君臣”关系到“兄弟”关系的形象转变、原始仪式的留存等方面来看,吐鲁番残片记载的故事与与藏文《甘珠尔》中记载的故事、蒙古文26章本《尸语故事》的故事较为接近,明显具有传承关系,很可能是连接巴利文《本生经》故事和蒙古文《尸语故事》的重要环节。Tale of "Lion and bull",or the tale named "Jackel the calumniator" is a famous story recorded in the Pancatantra and Pāli Jataka.Its story is also widespread among the Mongolian and Tibetan.In total,there are 11 different texts collected and analyzed in detail in this paper.the Old Uighur script fragments(Mainz657,Mainz86,T Ⅱ Y 31) preserved in National Library of Berlin(Staat Bibliothek Zu Berlin),although it differs greatly from the stories recorded in Pancatantra and Hitopadesá,it still bears similarities with stories in Tibetan Kah-gyur and Mongolian Vetela in the aspect of evolution of relationship between the roles and narration style.Originally the conflict between the monarch and it’s subjugate which was depicted in Indian sources,and later,with the recompilation of Buddhist authors,the relationship between the lion and bull turned into brotherhood.Besides,the narrative with apparent nomadic cultural hallmark illustrates its possible cultural influence from nomads.The text analysis implies that the Old Uighur contents could be traced back to the prototype shaped in Pali Jataka.Furthermore,the Old Uighur texts plays a crucial transition role in the spread of route into Mongolian folks.

关 键 词：“狮子和公牛”的故事 民间故事 印度《五卷书》 吐鲁番回鹘文残片 

分 类 号：I207.7[文学—中国文学] G256.1[文化科学—图书馆学]