新兴权利保护实践中的司法中心主义  

The Judicial Centrism Model in the Practice of Emerging Rights Protection

作　　者：侯学宾[1] 闫惠 HOU Xue-bin;YAN Hui(School of Law,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院,长春130012

出　　处：《学习与探索》2022年第1期76-85,176,共11页Study & Exploration

基　　金：教育部社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“大数据时代下的司法理论与实践研究”(16JJD820004)。

摘　　要：我国早期的新兴权利保护受立法中心主义理念影响,视法定权利为主要甚至是唯一权源,呈现出一种立法中心主义倾向。在尊重立法的前提下,我们更需要将目光转向司法实践中的新兴权利保护。司法机关以个案的方式将“法定权利”之外的新兴权利主张纳入国家保护范围,主要包括尚未普遍化的新兴权利主张、尚未法定化的事实性权利主张和与法定权利相关联的新兴权利主张。我国司法机关对新兴权利保护的类型化实践,实际上形成了新兴权利保护的司法中心主义模式。该模式不仅具有权利保护依据多元化、权利保护方式动态化、权利保护关注个案正义的特征,还具有及时回应新兴权利、解决新兴权利冲突以及确保新兴权利获得法律上的可执行性的功能。这一模式的实现路径主要从司法政策、司法职权和司法方法展开,这些路径共同塑造了一种“弱意义”的司法中心主义保护模式。Under the influence of the concept of legislative centrism,the early protection of emerging rights in our country took legal rights as the main or even the sole source of rights,showing a tendency of legislative centrism.While respecting the premise of legislation,we need to turn our attention to the protection of emerging rights in judicial practice.The judiciary bringing the claims of emerging rights other than“legal rights”into the scope of national protection through individual cases,primarily includes the claims of emerging rights that have not yet been generalized,factual rights that have not yet been legalized,and the claims of emerging rights that are linked to legal rights.The typified practice of emerging rights protection by our judiciary has actually formed a judicial centrism model of emerging rights protection.The model is characterized by a pluralistic basis for rights protection,a dynamic approach to rights protection,and a focus on case-by-case justice,and has the function of responding to emerging rights in a timely manner,resolving emerging rights conflicts,and ensuring the legal enforceability of emerging rights.The path to this model is based on judicial policy,judicial authority,and judicial methodology,which together shape a“weak”judicial centrism protection model.

关 键 词：新兴权利保护 法定权利 事实性权利 立法中心主义 司法中心主义 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]