1901—2017年中亚五国气候特征分析  

Climate Characteristics of Five Central Asian Countries During 1901-2017

作　　者：韩雪云[1,3] 姚俊强 赵丽[4] 张倩 曹孟磊[5] 张同文[2] 张连成 HAN Xueyun;YAO Junqiang;ZHAO Li;ZHANG Qian;CAO Menglei;ZHANG Tongwen;ZHANG Liancheng(Xinjiang Climate Centre,Urumqi 830002,China;Institute of Desert Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002,China;Central Asian Center for Atmospheric Science Research,Urumqi 830002,China;Xinjiang School of Information Engineering,Urumqi 830013,China;Urumqi Meteorological Satellite Ground Station,Urumqi 830011,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆气候中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [3]中亚大气科学研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [4]新疆信息工程学校,新疆乌鲁木齐830013 [5]乌鲁木齐气象卫星地面站,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2021年第6期1-8,共8页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41975095);新疆气象局中亚大气科学研究基金(CAAS202008);自治区自然科学基金(2021D01B83)。

摘　　要：在全球变暖背景下,区域气候变化存在较大差异。本文基于CRU发布的中亚干旱区逐月气候数据序列,分析1901—2017年中亚五国气候变化的特征及区域差异,得出以下结论:中亚地区平均气温升温显著,自1988年突变升温以来升温幅度达0.37℃/10 a,21世纪为最暖时期。四季平均气温差异明显,春、冬季平均气温升温幅度最大。平原区升温幅度较山区高0.05℃/10 a。最高气温增幅最小,最低气温增幅最大,夏季最低气温增幅为最高气温的近2倍。高山区最高气温增速较平原区缓。中亚地区年降水量总体呈增加趋势,突变后增幅较之前增加了2倍多。受西风带、地中海气候影响,高大山体阻挡,降水量自北向南递减。1901—2017年四季降水量均呈增加趋势,春、冬季为降水量高值期,增速也相对较大。降水日数总体呈微弱增加趋势,各国变化差异明显。Under the global warming climate change, there are large differences in the regional climate change. This paper analyzes the characteristics and regional differences of climate change in five Central Asian countries during 1901-2017 based on the monthly climate data series of Central Asian arid zones published by CRU. The conclusions are as follows: the average temperature rose significantly in Central Asian, the warming rate reached 0.37 ℃/10 a since the mutation warming in 1988, and the 21 st century was the warmest period. The average temperature in four seasons had an obvious difference that showed a larger increase in spring and winter. The temperature rise in plain areas was 0.05 ℃/10 a higher than that in mountainous areas. The maximum temperature increased the least, the minimum temperature the most, and the summer minimum temperature increased nearly twice as much as the maximum temperature. The increase rate of maximum temperature in high-mountain areas is slower than that in plains. The annual precipitation in Central Asia shows an increasing trend, which is more than 2 times after the abrupt change. Under the influence of westerly and Mediterranean climate, combined with the block of mountains, the precipitation decreases from north to south. Precipitation shows an increasing trend in all seasons from 1901 to 2017, there is higher precipitation in spring and winter,which also shows a relatively higher growth rate. The overall trend of precipitation days is slightly increasing, with significant variation among countries.

关 键 词：中亚地区 气候变化 气温 降水 特征分析 

分 类 号：P468[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]