塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地风蚀起沙特征观测研究  

Observational Study on the Characteristics of Wind Erosion and Dust Emission in the Hinterland of Taklimakan Desert

作　　者：刘娅楠 钟昕洁 马凯 杨芳芳 仇会民 LIU Yanan;ZHONG Xinjie;MA Kai;YANG Fangfang;QIU Huimin(Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture Meteorological Bureau,Korla 841000,China)

机构地区：[1]巴音郭楞蒙古自治州气象局,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2021年第6期26-30,共5页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(IDM2019002、IDM2018005);国家自然科学基金青年基金(41905009);中国沙漠气象科学研究基金(Sqj2018019)。

摘　　要：利用塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中气象站2009—2018年的地面观测资料,分析塔中地区的风蚀起沙特征,结果表明:(1)塔中地区临界起沙风速呈明显的季节变化特征,夏季>春季>秋季>冬季,临界起沙风速介于4.47~4.92 m/s;(2)春、夏季是风蚀事件的多发季节,春、夏季沙尘水平通量的平均值分别为2 638.9、3 298.9 kg/m^(2),起沙持续时间的平均值分别为291.5、336.7 h,且春、夏季风蚀事件的年际变化比秋、冬季更稳定,波动更小;(3)风蚀事件更容易发生在白天,沙尘水平通量的最大值出现在10:00—11:00,起沙持续时间的最大值出现在10:00—13:00;(4)风蚀事件在春季主要集中在偏东方向,夏季主要集中在偏北方向。Based on the surface observation data of Tazhong meteorological station in the hinterland of Taklimakan desert from 2009 to 2018, the characteristics of wind erosion events and dust emission in Tazhong area are analyzed in detail. The conclusions are as follows:(1)The critical wind speed of dust emission in Tazhong area shows obvious seasonal variation, summer > spring > autumn > winter, with the critical wind speed ranging from 4.47 to 4.92 m/s.(2)Spring and summer are the most frequent seasons for wind erosion events, and the mean values of sand horizontal flux are 2 638.9 kg/m^(2)and 32 98.9 kg/m^(2)in spring and summer, respectively, and the mean values of dust emission duration are 291.5 h and 336.7 h, respectively, and the annual variations of wind erosion events are more stable and less volatile in spring and summer than that in autumn and winter.(3)Wind erosion events are more likely to occur during daytime, with the maximum values of sand horizontal flux occurring between 10:00 and 11:00 and the maximum values of dust emission duration occurring between 10:00 and 13:00.(4) The wind erosion events are mainly concentrated in the east during the spring and in the north during the summer.

关 键 词：临界起沙风速 沙尘水平通量 沙尘持续时间 塔克拉玛干沙漠 

分 类 号：P458.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]