湖南省森林火灾时空分布特征及典型个例分析  

Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Forest Fire and Typical Case Analysis in Hunan Province

作　　者：周慧 唐林[2] 黎祖贤[2] 周莉 蔡瑾婕 ZHOU Hui;TANG Lin;LI Zuxian;ZHOU Li;CAI Jinjie(Hunan Meteorological Observatory,Changsha 410119,China;Weather Modification Office of Hunan Province,Changsha 410119,China;Meteorological Service Center of Hunan Province,Changsha 410119,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省气象台,湖南长沙410119 [2]湖南省人工影响天气办公室,湖南长沙410119 [3]气象防灾减灾湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410119

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2021年第6期129-133,共5页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：湖南省人影办项目;2019年省基金项目(2018JJ2223);环境气象团队项目。

摘　　要：利用湖南省2008—2017年森林火灾数据、卫星MODIS和VIIRS监测资料及常规气象资料,统计分析了湖南省森林火灾时空分布特征,并重点分析了2018年2月14—19日湖南致灾严重的森林火灾过程与气象条件的关系。结果表明:2008—2017年湖南省森林火灾高发月是2—4月,其中3月最多,为3 800次;邵阳发生森林火灾次数最多,郴州、长沙和永州次之;森林火灾受灾累积面积最大的是永州市、怀化市、邵阳市,达6 800~7 500 hm^(2)。典型个例分析发现,森林火灾期间,气温偏高、相对湿度较小、降水量少、平均风速超过0.5 m/s,火灾严重时段最大风速增大到4~6 m/s,风向以偏东风和偏南风为主;湖南高低空受上下一致的西南风气流控制,天气形势较稳定。Based on the data of forest fire during 2008-2017,along with corresponding MODIS and VIIRS satellite remote-sensing monitoring data and conventional meteorological data in Hunan Province,the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of forest fire in Hunan Province were analyzed.Furthermore,the paper focused on the relationship between forest fires and meteorological conditions that caused serious disasters during February 14 th to 19 th,2018.The results showed that the most frequent months of forest fires during 2008-2017 were in February,March and April,and the highest number of forest fires was 3 800 in March.Forest fire occurred most frequently in Shaoyang,followed by Chenzhou,Changsha and Yongzhou.The largest cumulative area of forest fire disaster was in Yongzhou,Huaihua and Shaoyang,reaching 6 800 ~ 7 500 hm^(2).The case study showed that during the forest fire the meteorological conditions were:high air temperature,small relatively humidity,less precipitation and the average wind speed was generally more than 0.5 m/s.During the severe fire period,the maximum wind speed increases to 4 ~ 6 m/s,and the wind direction was mainly easterly and southerly.Under the consistent control of Southwest airflow from the upper to the lower,and the weather situation in Hunan was relatively stable.

关 键 词：森林火灾 受灾面积 气象条件 湖南省 

分 类 号：P412.11[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]