清太祖、太宗对金朝皇帝称谓问题考述——兼论清初二帝对金朝历史的改造  

On the Appellation of the Emperors of Jin Dynasty by Taizu and Taizong of Qing Dynasty-Also on the Two Emperors’Transformation of the History of Jin Dynasty

作　　者：张又天 Zhang Youtian(Center for Studies of Song History,Hebei University,Baoding,Hebei 071002,China)

机构地区：[1]河北大学宋史研究中心,河北保定071002

出　　处：《保定学院学报》2022年第1期62-70,共9页Journal of Baoding University

基　　金：河北大学燕赵文化高等研究院经费资助委托课题项目“燕赵历史文献专题整理与研究”(2020W02)。

摘　　要：金朝历史对明末后金(清)政权有着重要的借鉴意义,故而时常为清太祖、太宗二帝所提及。检视《满文原档》《清太祖武皇帝实录》《满洲实录》(满文部分)等较原始的史料,可发现清初二帝对金朝皇帝的称呼更多地是采用当时盛行的“年号称呼法”,而非《金史》中规范的“庙号称呼法”,这反映出清初二帝对金朝历史的了解方式可能并非亲自阅读元末修成的《金史》。正因如此,清初二帝口中的金朝历史,与《金史》所记历史往往相互抵牾。究其缘由,这是清太祖、太宗对金朝史实缺乏深入了解和他们刻意改造金朝历史以服务自身政权两个因素共同造成的。The history of Jin Dynasty has an important reference significance to the Later Jin(Qing)regime after the late Ming Dynasty,so it was often mentioned by the the first two emperors of the Qing Dynasty.However,the two emperors of the early Qing Dynasty often used the“the method of era name appellation”in the late Ming Dynasty,rather than the standard“the method of reign title appellation”in Jin History,which reflects that the two emperors of the early Qing Dynasty did not obtain the history of the Chin Dynasty from The Jin History compiled at the end of the Yuan Dynasty.As a consequence,the history of Jin Dynasty comes from the two emperors in the early Qing Dynasty is often different from the historical facts recorded in Jin History.The reason is that the Taizu and Taizong of the Qing Dynasty lacked understanding of the historical facts of Jin Dynasty and deliberately restate the history of Jin Dynasty to serve their regime.

关 键 词：后金 清朝 《金史》 称谓 改造 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]