天问一号高分辨率相机图像存储及处理系统设计  

Design of image storage and processing system for Tianwen-1 high-resolution camera

作　　者：王征[1,2] 何云丰[1] 孙兴国 吴凡路 王栋 WANG Zheng;HE Yunfeng;SUN Xingguo;WU Fanlu;WANG Dong(Changchun Institute of Optics,Fine Mechanics and Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130033,China;Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;FAW-Volkswagen Automotive Co.Ltd,Changchun 130011,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院长春光学精密机械及物理研究所,吉林长春130033 [2]中国科学院月球与深空探测重点实验室,北京100101 [3]一汽-大众汽车有限公司,吉林长春130011

出　　处：《光学精密工程》2022年第2期127-136,共10页Optics and Precision Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(No.42001345,No.61805001);中国科学院月球与深空探测重点实验室开放基金资助项目(No.LDSE201901)。

摘　　要：由于地球和火星之间数据传输带宽受限,无法将大量的高分辨率图像实时传回地面,天问一号高分辨率相机需要载荷本身具备图像存储能力。针对高分辨率相机成像数据量巨大问题,本文设计了基于FPGA的NAND Flash图像存储及处理系统。首先,根据成像系统CCD和CMOS图像传感器输出种类,划分了NAND Flash存储空间。接着,为解决高速率存储问题,设计了流水存储方法。然后,针对在轨新增坏块问题,设计了坏块自检方法。最后,为解决地火传输带宽紧张问题,设计了下采样、像元融合、区域提取等图像处理方法。试验结果表明,高分相机存储及处理系统接收并存储图像数据率达到3 Gb/s,下行数据量最低约可降至原数据量0.4%。通过使用多种下行工作模式,既能获取丰富的图像数据,又能满足深空探测有限的传输速率。Due to the limited data transmission bandwidth between the Earth and Mars,it is impossible to transmit a large number of high-resolution images back to the ground in real time. The Tianwen-1 highresolution camera requires the payload itself to have image storage capabilities. Aiming at the huge problem of high-resolution imaging camera imaging data,this paper designs a FPGA based NAND Flash image storage and processing system. First,according to the output requirements of CCD and CMOS image sensors,NAND Flash storage space is divided. Then,in order to solve the problem of high-rate storage,a pipeline storage method was designed. Next,aiming at the problem of newly added bad blocks on orbit,a self-checking method for bad blocks is designed. Finally,in order to solve the problem of tight transmission bandwidth between Earth and Mars,image processing methods such as down-sampling,pixel binning,and region extraction are designed. The test results show that the high-resolution imaging camera storage and processing system receives and stores the image data rate up to 3 Gb/s,and the download data rate can be reduced to about 4% of the original data rate. By using a variety of download working modes,it is possible to obtain rich image data and meet the bottleneck of deep space exploration data transmission.

关 键 词：天问一号 高分辨率相机 存储及处理 现场可编程门阵列(FPGA) NAND Flash 

分 类 号：V476.4[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] V445.8