不同因素对美系长白母猪繁殖性能的影响  

Effects of Different Factors on Reproductive Performance of American Landrace Sows

作　　者：豆雅晴 齐昆龙 刘蓥珂 宋承磊 李晨雷 李新建[1] 乔瑞敏[1] 王克君 李秀领 韩雪蕾[1] DOU Yaqing;QI Kunlong;LIU Yingke;SONG Chenglei;LI Chenlei;LI Xinjian;QIAO Ruimin;WANG Kejun;LI Xiuling;HAN Xuelei(College of Animal Science and Technology,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学动物科技学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2021年第12期142-148,共7页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省生猪产业技术体系项目(S2012-06-G03);河南省重点研发与推广专项(212102110003)。

摘　　要：通过对河南省某猪场美系长白母猪的繁殖记录进行统计与分析,探究配种季节、分娩季节和胎次对其繁殖性能的影响,为生产中优化猪群胎次结构并掌握最佳配种时期提供指导。结果显示,对于配种季节,冬季配种母猪的初生窝质量和断奶头数均显著高于其他季节(P<0.05),夏季配种的弱仔数最多、死胎数和木乃伊数最少,且与其他季节间差异达到显著水平(P<0.05);对于分娩季节,春季分娩的校正21日龄窝质量显著高于夏季和冬季(P<0.05),夏季分娩的死胎数和木乃伊数显著高于其他季节(P<0.05);对于胎次,总产仔数随着胎次的增加呈先增后减的趋势,其中第5胎次最高,第1胎次最低,产活仔数在第3胎次时最高,且显著高于第1、2、8胎次(P<0.05)。综上,美系长白母猪繁殖性能受配种、分娩季节和胎次的综合影响,冬季配种、春季分娩最适宜,最佳胎次为第3~5胎次。因此,在实际生产中应选择适宜时期对母猪进行配种,并及时合理地淘汰高胎次性能较差的母猪,以提高群体繁殖性能。Based on the statistics and analysis of the reproductive records of American Landrace sows in a pig farm in Henan Province,the effects of mating season,farrowing season and parity on their reproductive performance were investigated,so as to provide guidance for optimizing the parity structure of pig herd and mastering the optimal mating period in production. The results showed that,for the mating season,the newborn litter weight and the number of weaned piglets were significantly higher in winter than those of other seasons(P<0. 05),and the greatest number of weak litters and the smallest number of stillbirths and mummies were found in summer,and the difference reached a remarkable level compared with other seasons(P<0. 05). For the season of delivery,the corrected 21-day-old litter weight in spring was significantly higher than that in summer and winter(P<0. 05),and the number of stillbirths and mummies was dramatically higher in summer than in other seasons(P<0. 05). For parity,the total litter size showed a trend of rising and then shrinking with the increase of parity,with the 5 th parity being the peak and the 1 st parity being the lowest,and the number of live litters was the highest at the 3 rd parity and was considerably higher than the 1 st,2 nd and 8 th parities(P<0. 05). In conclusion,the reproductive performance of American Landrace sows is comprehensively influenced by mating and farrowing season and parity,with winter mating and spring farrowing being the most suitable and the 3 rd to 5 th parities being the best parity. Therefore,in practical production,the suitable period should be selected for mating sows,and the sows with poor performance in high parity should be eliminated in a timely and reasonable manner to improve their reproductive performance.

关 键 词：配种季节 分娩季节 胎次 长白猪 繁殖性能 

分 类 号：S811.5[农业科学—畜牧学]