环境规制如何嵌入农业政策:欧盟交叉遵守机制经验  

How to Embed Environmental Regulation into Agricultural Policy:Experience of EU’s Cross-compliance System

作　　者：宗义湘[1] 崔海霞[1] ZONG Yixiang;CUI Haixia

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学经济管理学院,保定071000

出　　处：《世界农业》2022年第1期15-23,共9页World Agriculture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(20FJYB033);农业农村部国际农业支持政策研究(2018—2021);河北省科技厅软科学项目(21557650D、19457520D);河北省教育厅项目(ZD201917、SD201041);河北省社会科学发展项目(20200202059)。

摘　　要：构建农业发展与环境保护之间的协同机制是农业绿色发展过程中机制体制创新的重要方面。本文通过对欧盟交叉遵守机制的历史演进和运行机制的系统分析,探究其作用机理,明确政策运行特征,评估其积极影响和存在的问题。研究表明:①欧盟交叉遵守机制具有条件性、支付基础广泛、法规要求宽松、监督检查处罚机制严格、配套措施完善等特征;②机制对提升欧盟农业用地环境管理水平,改善环境政策执行效果,为欧盟农业支持提供合理化依据起到重要作用;③机制增加了行政成本和农民负担,且设定的仅是最低环境要求。基于以上研究结果,针对中国面临的如何协调农业发展与环境保护问题,本文提出树立农业发展方式转变的长久观、政策设计应侧重权责对等、构建可选择性交叉遵守试验区以及完善农业咨询服务等配套措施的政策建议。It is an important aspect of institutional innovation in the process of agricultural green development to construct the synergistic mechanism between agricultural development and environmental protection.Based on the systematic analysis of the historical evolution and operation mechanism of EU cross-compliance system,this paper explores its function mechanism,evaluates its positive impact and existing problems.The results show that:①EU cross-compliance system has the characteristics of conditionality,broad payment basis,loose requirements and complete supporting measures;②this system plays an important role in improving the environmental management level of agricultural land,improving the implementation effect of environmental policies and providing reasonable basis for EU agricultural subsidies;③this system also increases the administrative cost and the burden of farmers,and only sets the minimum environmental requirements.Based on the above research results,in view of the problem of how to coordinate agricultural development and environmental protection in China,this paper puts forward some policy suggestions,such as establishing a long-term view of the transformation of agricultural development mode,focusing on the equivalence of rights and responsibilities in policy design,building selective cross-compliance pilot areas and improving agricultural advisory services.

关 键 词：农业绿色发展 交叉遵守机制 历史演进 运行机制 

分 类 号：X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F35[经济管理—产业经济] F320