日本落叶松无性系种子园球果产量对长期氮磷钾配方施肥的响应  

Response of cone yield in clonal seed orchard of Larix kaempferi to long-term nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium formula fertilization

作　　者：胡勐鸿[1,2] 吕寻 吴春燕 谢允慧 Hu Menghong;LüXun;Wu Chunyan;Xie Yunhui(State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration,Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Xiaolong Mountain Research Institute of Forestry,Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Secondary Forest Cultivation,Gansu Xiaolongshan Forest Ecosystem National Positioning Observation and Research Station,Tianshui 741020,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]林木遗传育种国家重点实验室,国家林业和草原局林木培育重点实验室,中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091 [2]甘肃省小陇山林业科学研究所,甘肃省次生林培育重点实验室,甘肃小陇山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,甘肃天水741022

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2022年第1期9-18,共10页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：中国林业科学研究院林业研究所专项(LYSZX202002);甘肃省林业科技计划项目(2018kj055);中央财政林木良种补贴项目。

摘　　要：【目的】研究了氮(N)磷(P)钾(K)不同配方施肥以及最佳配比连年施肥对日本落叶松种子园球果产量的影响,为落叶松种子园长期施肥管理提供依据。【方法】以1989年营建的日本落叶松种子园中的正常结实无性系分株为对象,采用随机区组试验设计,自2008年起按照N_(1)P_(1)K_(1)、N_(1)P_(2)K_(1)、N_(1)P_(1)K_(2)3种氮磷钾配方肥,以2.5 kg/株的水平连续3年开展配方施肥对比试验,确定影响球果产量的最佳施肥配方;自2011年起在最佳配方下设置3水平(2.5、5.0、7.5 kg/株),研究连续8年施肥对球果产量的影响。【结果】(1)不同配方施肥均能显著提高球果产量且差异显著(P<0.05),N_(1)P_(2)K_(1)为最佳配方,施加后母株球果产量最高,达到(97.63±0.87)kg/株,比不施肥对照、N_(1)P_(2)K_(1)和N1P1K2分别提高了18.15%、3.17%和2.63%。(2)以最佳配方N_(1)P_(2)K_(1)连续8年长期施肥,球果年产量和累积产量均显著高于对照(P<0.05),且3水平处理下的施肥母株的球果产量存在差异,其中以2.5 kg/株水平施肥效果最优,球果累积产量达到(267.43±5.15)kg/株,比对照、5.0 kg/株水平下和7.5 kg/株水平下的球果累积产量分别提高了52.93%、3.06%和5.70%。(3)连年施肥可将不(或极少量)结实年份的球果产量提高至结实小年或平年的水平(20.93~34.22 kg/株),并缩短大小年间隔,出现连年结实的现象,但是对结实大年影响较小。【结论】N_(1)P_(2)K_(1)配方肥能有效提高日本落叶松球果产量,且长期连年施肥效果显著,适宜施肥量为2.5 kg/株。[Objective]This paper aims to reveal the effects of different proportions of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)fertilization on the cone yield of Larix kaempferi seed orchard and the consequent of long-term continuous fertilization,and provide a basis for the management of larch seed orchard.[Method]The ramets of normal seed bearing clones in L.kaempferi seed orchard built in 1989 were taken as the object,using randomized block trial design,the most suitable fertilization proportions affecting their cone yields were profiled by conducting comparative tests for three consecutive years from 2008,with the fertilization level of 2.5 kg/plant,using three kinds of formula fertilizers with a combination of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.The effect of long-term(8 years)continuous fertilization on cone yield was analyzed with three fertilization levels in 8 years(2.5,5.0,7.5 kg/plant)under the most suitable fertilization proportion from 2011.[Result](1)Fertilization with different proportions can significantly increase the yield of cones with significant differences(P<0.05).Among them,N_(1)P_(2)K_(1) was the best proportion,having the highest cone yield of mother plant,reaching(97.63±0.87)kg/plant,which was higher than control,N_(1)P_(2)K_(1) and N_(1)P_(1)K_(2) by 18.15%,3.17%and 2.63%,respectively.(2)The annual and total output of cones with continuous fertilization in 8 years were significantly higher than control(P<0.05)after long-term fertilization with the best proportion N_(1)P_(2)K_(1) for 8 consecutive years.And the cone yield of the fertilized mother plant was different under three levels of treatment.The effect of fertilization at the level of 2.5 kg/plant was the best,having cumulative yield of cones,reaching(267.43±5.15)kg/plant,which was higher than control,the level of 5.0 kg/plant and 7.5 kg/plant by 52.93%,3.06%and 5.70%,respectively.(3)Continuous fertilization would significantly increase the yield of cones in non-fruited years(or a very small amount)to the level of small-fruited or average y

关 键 词：日本落叶松 种子园 氮磷钾配方施肥 球果产量 

分 类 号：S791.223[农业科学—林木遗传育种]