中国变质岩研究近十年新进展  

New Progresses in the Study of Chinese Metamorphic Petrology in the Past Decade

作　　者：张贵宾[1] 刘良[2] 魏春景[1] 肖益林[3] 焦淑娟 吕增[1] 张立飞[1] ZHANG Gui-bin;LIU Liang;WEI Chun-jing;XIAO Yi-lin;JIAO Shu-juan;LYU Zeng;ZHANG Li-fei(Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belt and Crustal Evolution,MOE,School of Earth and Space Science,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Department of Geology,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,China;School of Earth and Space Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学地球与空间科学学院,造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京100871 [2]西北大学地质学系,大陆动力学国家重点实验室,西安710127 [3]中国科学技术大学地球和空间科学学院,合肥230026 [4]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2021年第6期1230-1249,共20页Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(91755206,41972056)。

摘　　要：变质岩是组成硅酸盐地球的三大岩石之一,对了解深部地壳的组成和地壳演化、研究地壳热结构历史记录、恢复变质岩原岩建造和指导找矿都具有重要意义。本文综述了近十年来我国变质岩学科在超高压/高温变质作用、相平衡、变质流体以及变质岩地球化学等几方面的研究进展。在已有研究基础上,近十年来我国学者又相继在柴北缘野马滩、南阿尔金、东昆仑、北秦岭及西南天山的不同类型岩石中发现了柯石英、斯石英假象(副象)以及其他一些特征的超高压变质指示矿物和结构,确定了这些超高压变质带的野外分布特征。在超高温变质作用研究方面,识别并确定了华北克拉通孔兹岩带超高温变质岩石的出露规模,准确的变质时代和时间尺度的限定以及P-T-t轨迹的构建,尤其是在进变质阶段的确定方面取得了一系列进展。在变质相平衡研究方面,在热力学数据库和矿物相及熔体活度模型进一步完善的基础上,开发了新的模拟计算软件GeoPS,建立了基于ACF组分分析的变质基性岩完整相平衡关系;同时在深熔作用与花岗质岩石成因的定量模拟方面也有重要进展。在矿物温压计研究方面,首次建立了与斜长石无关的GBAQ压力计、二云母压力计和白云母Ti温度计。在元素地球化学方面,高场强元素(如Ti、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等)和卤族元素(如F、Cl、Br和I)在变质脱水过程中的迁移和分异,以及变价元素(如V、Fe、W和Mo等)对指示氧逸度的变化研究方面都取得了一系列进展。在变质流体研究方面,对俯冲带高压-超高压流体活动的证据、流体成分的确定及流体活动时限等方面的研究也取得了明显进展。Metamorphic rock is one of the three major types of rocks of the silicate earth, and thus is of great significance for understanding the composition and evolution of the crust, studying records of geological history for the thermal structure of crust, restoring the protolith nature and guiding the mineral prospecting. In this paper, we have reviewed progresses in several aspects of the researches on metamorphic rocks, including the UHP/UHT metamorphism, phase equilibrium, metamorphic fluids, and geochemistry of metamorphic rocks, in recent ten years in China. Based on the previous studies, chinese scholars had successively discovered coesite, stishovite pseudomorph and some other UHP metamorphic indicative minerals and structures in different types of rocks in several orogenic belts, such as the Northern Qaidam, Southern Altun, Eastern Kunlun, Northern Qinling, and Southwestern Tianshan, and then had determined the field distribution characteristics of these UHP metamorphic belts. In the aspect of UHT metamorphism research, outcrop scale of UHT metamorphic rocks were identified in the khondalite belt of the North China Craton;and a series of progresses have been made in the determination of the precise metamorphic age, the constraint of metamorphic time scale, and the construction of P-T-t paths, especially the determination of the prograde metamorphic stages. In the aspect of metamorphic phase equilibrium research, on the basis of further improvement of thermodynamic database and models of mineral phase and melt activity, a new phase modelling software GeoPS has been developed, and the complete phase equilibrium relationship of metamorphosed basic rocks has been established based on ACF component analysis. Meanwhile, some important progresses have also been made in the aspect of quantitative simulation of the anatexis and the genesis of granitic rocks. Moreover, GBAQ and two-mica barometry and Ti-in-white mica thermometer have been quantified. In the aspect of researches on elemental geochemistry of metamorphic

关 键 词：超高压变质作用 超高温变质作用 变质相平衡 变质流体 同位素定年 

分 类 号：P588.3[天文地球—岩石学]