中国地质源温室气体释放近十年研究概述  

A Brief Introduction of 10-year’s Investigations and Studies on Geological Greenhouse Gas Emission in China

作　　者：郑国东 赵文斌 陈志[3] 胥旺 宋之光[5] 李琦[6] 徐胜 郭正府[2] 马向贤 梁明亮 王云鹏[5] ZHENG Guo-dong;ZHAO Wen-bin;CHEN Zhi;XU Wang;SONG Zhi-guang;LI Qi;XU Sheng;GUO Zheng-fu;MA Xiang-xian;LIANG Ming-liang;WANG Yun-peng(Gansu Key Laboratory for Oil and Gas Resources,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Institute of Earthquake Forecasting,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing 100036,China;College of Energy Resources,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry,Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China;State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430071,China;School of Earth System Sciences,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Institute of Geomechanics,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃省油气资源研究重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [3]中国地震局地震预测研究所,北京100036 [4]成都理工大学能源学院,成都610059 [5]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,有机地球化学国家重点实验室,广州510640 [6]中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室,武汉430071 [7]天津大学表层地球系统科学研究院,天津300072 [8]中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2021年第6期1250-1271,共22页Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry

基　　金：国家变革性技术项目(2019YFA0708501);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41273122,41572352,41402298);中国科学院国际访问学者计划支持项目(2018TW2ZA0001,2020VMA0011,2020DM0002)。

摘　　要：地质源温室气体是指固体地球通过各种地质作用向大气圈释放的温室气体,是固体地球与大气之间物质交换(地气交换)的重要形式,主要包括火山喷发和地热活动、断裂带构造运动、油气渗漏、天然气水合物分解、煤自燃、碳酸盐岩风化等多种地质作用过程所释放的二氧化碳、甲烷等气体。实际上,地气交换是重要的地质作用,是地球各圈层物质循环和能量交换的基本载体和重要动力学机制。全球气候变化和温室效应是人类面临的巨大挑战,地质源温室气体的类型与来源、释放机理与过程、释放通量与大气温室效应等的调查和研究已成为当今地球系统科学的研究热点和发展方向之一,对于应对全球变化和温室效应具有重要的科学意义。中国科学家积极参与和适时开展地质源温室气体调查研究,对中国大陆部分火山和地热区、地震断裂带、含油气区和泥火山等释放的温室气体进行了初步观测与调查,在地质源温室气体的地球化学组成、释放通量等方面取得了一些成果,这些工作为进一步的深入研究奠定了良好基础。The emission of greenhouse gas of geological origins from the solid Earth into the atmosphere is one of the most important mass(and also energy)exchange processes from the interior to surface of the Earth.The greenhouse gas of geological origin mainly includes carbon dioxide and methane released through various kinds of activities including volcanic eruptions and hydrothermal activity,tectonic movements of fractures and fault zones,natural and/or anthropogenic leak of crude oils and natural gases,dissociation of methane hydrates,natural fires of coal,and weathering of carbonate rocks.In fact,the exchange of geologically originated gases(basic carriers)is an important geological process and is an important dynamic mechanism for the mass circulation and energy exchange in all circles of the earth.Global climate change and greenhouse gas effect are daunting challenges for all human beings.The investigations and researches on the types and sources,the emission mechanisms and processes,the released fluxes to the surface and the greenhouse effect on the atmosphere of greenhouse gases of geological origins have become one of the research hotspots and key development directions of the modern earth system science,with great scientific significances to deal with global climate change and to correctly understand greenhouse effect on the atmosphere.Chinese scientific community took an active part on this challenge,performed a series of key primary investigations and researches on geologically originated greenhouse gases,including those released from some volcanic areas and geothermal regions,major seismic fault zones,oil-and gas-bearing basins,and mud volcanoes within the vast and geologically varied territories of China,and obtained some achievements on the geochemical compositions and released fluxes of geologically originated greenhouse gases.These above mentioned studies have laid a good foundation for further widely in-depth studies in a near future.

关 键 词：地质源温室气体 释放特征 研究现状 发展前景 

分 类 号：P593[天文地球—地球化学]