留茬高度对小叶锦鸡儿光合生理和生长特征的影响  

Effects of Different Stubble Height Treatments on Characters of Growth and Photosynthetic Physiology of Caragana Microphylla Bushwood

作　　者：王东清[1] 温学飞[1] 李浩霞[1] Wang Dongqing;Wen Xuefei;Li Haoxia(Institute of Desertification Control, Academy of Ningxia Agricultural and Forestry Science, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院荒漠化治理研究所,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2021年第6期57-62,70,共7页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金项目“平茬措施下柠条的光合生理生态学补偿机制”(2018AAC03188);宁夏农科院科技创新引导科技攻关项目“柠条生物发酵饲料加工关键技术研究”(NKYG-19-02)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究不同留茬高度小叶锦鸡儿生长和光合生理的变化规律,揭示不同留茬高度下小叶锦鸡儿生长和光合能力的强弱,探索其平茬时的最适留茬高度,为寻求合理抚育管理措施、指导小叶锦鸡儿生产实践提供理论依据。[方法]选择2003年人工种植小叶锦鸡儿为研究材料,设置未平茬(CK)、留茬高度5 cm(T_(1)),10 cm(T_(2)),15 cm(T_(3)),20 cm(T_(4)),25 cm(T_(5))共6个处理于2018年秋季进行平茬,分别测定次年生长季小叶锦鸡儿生长和光合生理指标。[结果]平茬能显著提高小叶锦鸡儿株高、冠幅、新稍长的增长;不同留茬高度处理净增长量均不同,留茬高度15 cm处理株高、冠幅长和宽度、新稍长净增长量值最高,分别较未平茬处理增加了203.44%,278.10%,292.59%,385.43%;留茬高度5,10和20 cm处理的净增长量次之,留茬高度25 cm的值最低,较未平茬处理分别增加了25.15%,26.38%,25.93%,88.48%;一定留茬高度平茬能显著提高小叶锦鸡儿净光合速率(P_(n))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))和水分利用效率(WUE);不同处理小叶锦鸡儿日变化均有不同程度的光合、蒸腾“午休”现象;留茬高度15 cm处理叶片P_(n),T_(r),WUE日均值均最高,分别比未平茬处理增加了2.52,0.37和1.52倍;留茬高度5,10和20 cm处理次之,留茬高度25 cm处理值最低,其P_(n)和WUE值分别比未平茬处理增加了0.45和0.32倍,而T_(r)值比未平茬处理降低了0.02倍。[结论]平茬后次年生长季内,留茬高度15 cm的平茬小叶锦鸡儿具有较强的生长补偿和光合能力,留茬5,10和20 cm植株的生长补偿和光合能力次之,留茬25 cm植株的生长补偿和光合能力最弱。[Objective]The effects of different stubble height on the growth and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of Caragana microphylla were studied,in order to provide theoretical basis for determing the most suitable stubble height of Caragana microphylla.[Methods]Taking the Caragana microphylla planted in 2003 as the research material,and setting six treatments of unflat stubble(CK),stubble height 5 cm(T_(1)),10 cm(T_(2)),15 cm(T_(3)),20 cm(T_(4))and 25 cm(T_(5))in autumn,2018,the study measured the aboveground growth and photosynthetic physiological characteristics respectively in the next growing season.[Results]The different stubble height treatments listed in order of effect on the aboveground growth indicators and photosynthetic characteristics as follows:T_(3)>T_(1)>T_(2)>T_(4)>T_(5)>CK.T_(3) treatment,compared with the CK treatment,exhibited the largest increases in plant height,crown length and width,and new branch among all treatments,with respective increases of up to 203.44%,278.10%,292.59%,385.43%.T_(5) treatment only increased by 25.15%,26.38%,25.93%and 88.48%,respectively.A certain stubble height treatment significantly increased the net photosynthesis(P_(n)),transpiration rate(T_(r))and water use efficiency(WUE)of Caragana microphylla.The diurnal changes of Caragana microphylla for all treatments showed photosynthesis and transpiration midday depression.The daily average value of P_(n),T_(r) and WUE of T_(3) treatment increased by 2.52,0.37 and 1.52 times,respectively.The P_(n) and WUE of T_(5) treatment only increased by 0.45 and 0.32 times,while that of the T_(r) decreased by 0.02 times.[Conclusion]In the growth season of next year after coppicing,Caragana microphylla with 15 cm stubble height has strong growth compensation and photosynthetic capacity,followed by plants with 5,10 and 20 cm stubble,and plants with 25 cm stubble have the weakest growth compensation and photosynthetic capacity.

关 键 词：生长指标 光合生理 留茬高度 小叶锦鸡儿 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]