麋鹿沧桑命运与未来保护展望  

The vicissitudes of fate and future protection prospects of Père David′s deer

作　　者：张付贤 孟庆辉[2] 蒋志刚[3] 孟秀祥[4] 程志斌[2] 宋苑[2] 白加德[2] 丁玉华[5] 温华军 ZHANG Fuxian;MENG Qinghui;JIANG Zhigang;MENG Xiuxiang;CHENG Zhibin;SONG Yuan;BAI Jiade;DING Yuhua;WEN Huajun(College of Animal Science,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434023,China;Beijing Milu Ecological Experiment Center,Beijing 100076,China;Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;School of Environment,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Administrative Office of Jiangsu Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve,Dafeng 224136,China;Administrative Office of Hubei Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve,Shishou 434402,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学动物科学学院,荆州434023 [2]北京麋鹿生态实验中心,北京100076 [3]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100101 [4]中国人民大学环境学院,北京100872 [5]江苏大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区管理处,大丰224136 [6]湖北石首麋鹿国家级自然保护区管理处,石首434402

出　　处：《生态学报》2022年第1期1-10,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金面上项目(5212003)。

摘　　要：麋鹿作为中国特有的鹿科动物,经历129年的保护努力,种群数量恢复到10000多头。因近亲繁殖严重,表面上看已无灭绝危险,但仍存在巨大隐忧。通过对麋鹿种群变迁、灭绝、重引入、恢复现状及四大种群(乌邦寺、南海子、大丰、石首野化种群)的发展趋势进行追踪分析,探究近千年来困扰麋鹿种群发展壮大的多重因素,提出种群保护与栖息地保护并重、强化疫病监测等保护对策,为麋鹿及其它大型陆生濒危哺乳动物突破种群发展瓶颈提供借鉴。Père David′s deer(Elaphurus davidianus),a unique species of deer in China,the population has recovered to more than 10000 in the world after more than 100 years of efforts.It seems that there is no danger of extinction due to the high levels of inbreeding in the population of Père David′s deer,but there are still huge concerns.By analyzing the changes,extinction,and recovery of the population of Père David′s deer and the development trend of four major populations(Woburn Abbey,Nanhaizi,Dafeng and Shishou),this paper explored the multiple factors that have been disturbing the development and expansion of the population of Père David′s deer in the past thousand years.The protection measures,such as placing equal emphasis on population protection and habitat protection and strengthening disease monitoring,were put forward to provide reference for Père David′s deer and other large terrestrial endangered mammals to break through the bottleneck of population development.

关 键 词：麋鹿 种群 发展史 发展隐忧 保护对策 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]