基于冲击载荷的硬质合金球齿碎岩机理研究  

Study on rock fragmentation mechanism of carbide spherical teeth based on impact load

作　　者：杨达 陈宝义[1] 曹宏宇 曹金娥 崔国庆 YANG Da;CHEN Baoyi;CAO Hongyu;CAO Jin’e;CUI Guoqing(College of Construction Engineering,Jilin University,Changchun Jilin 130026,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学建设工程学院,吉林长春130026

出　　处：《钻探工程》2022年第1期142-152,共11页Drilling Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“特大滑坡应急处置与快速治理技术研发”之课题“特大滑坡防治大直径成孔钻具与施工机械小型化研究”(编号:2018YFC1505303)。

摘　　要：在滑坡防治大直径桩孔施工过程中,快速钻进是治理成功的关键。因此选用合适的钻进机具与工艺极其重要,而气动潜孔锤因钻进效率高被广泛应用。气动潜孔锤钻进过程中,通过钻头底部球齿对岩石进行切削,达到高效碎岩目的,但球齿在破碎岩石过程中若冲击功选用不恰当,会导致能量损耗增大、球齿磨损较快、钻进效率低等问题,因此选用合适的冲击功进行碎岩具有重要意义。本文采用ABAQUS软件对单个球齿冲击岩石的过程进行了数值模拟,并进行了冲锤自由落体冲击实验,分析Φ19 mm的球齿在不同冲击功条件下的碎岩机理、破碎面积的变化规律。结果表明球齿碎岩机理分为3个阶段:弹性变形、压裂、体积破碎,且当球齿以30 J冲击功钻进花岗岩时,可有效降低能量损耗与提高碎岩效率。In the process of large diameter pile hole construction for landslide treatment,rapid drilling is the key to success.Therefore,the selection of appropriate drilling tools and technology is extremely important,and the pneumatic DTH hammer is widely used because of high drilling efficiency.With the pneumatic DTH hammer drilling process,the spherical teeth on the bottom of the bit break rocks to achieve high drilling efficiency;however,inappropriate selection of impact energy for the spherical teeth can lead to increased energy loss,quick tooth wear and low drilling efficiency.Appropriate selection of impact energy is of great significance to rock fragmentation.In this paper,ABAQUS software is used to simulate the rock impact process by a single spherical tooth,and the free-fall impact experiment is carried out on the impact hammer to analyze the rock fragmentation mechanism of a 19mm diameter spherical tooth by at different impact energy,together with the change pattern of the broken area.The results show that the rock crushing mechanism can be divided into three stages:elastic deformation,fracturing and volume crushing.When the spherical teeth drills granite at 30 J impact energy,energy loss can be effectively reduced and rock crushing efficiency can be improved.

关 键 词：潜孔锤 球齿 应力波 冲击功 ABAQUS 大直径桩孔 

分 类 号：P634.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]