母乳喂养联合母乳强化剂对极低体重早产儿出院后生长发育的影响  

Effect of breastfeeding combined with breast milk fortifier on growth and development of preterm infants with extremely low birth weight after discharge from hospital

作　　者：汪志萍 李凌霄[1] WANG Zhiping;LI Lingxiao(Department of Neonatology,Maternity and Child Health Care of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Nanning530001,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区妇幼保健院新生儿科,广西南宁530001

出　　处：《中国现代医生》2022年第1期80-83,共4页China Modern Doctor

基　　金：广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会自筹经费科研课题(Z20201060)。

摘　　要：目的 探讨母乳喂养联合母乳强化剂对极低体重早产儿出院后生长发育的影响。方法 选取2018年1月至2021年1月于广西壮族自治区妇幼保健院出生的198例极低体重早产儿为研究对象,将早产儿随机分为观察组(n=99)和对照组(n=99),对照组采用常规母乳喂养,观察组采用常规母乳喂养联合母乳强化剂,比较两组早产儿体格生长情况、血钙和血红蛋白水平、喂养不耐受及并发症、感染情况。结果 纠正3个月后,观察组早产儿体格生长情况明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);纠正胎龄足月后1个月,观察组和对照组血钙、血红蛋白水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);纠正胎龄足月后3个月,观察组和对照组血钙水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组血红蛋白水平高于对照组(P<0.001);纠正3个月后,两组早产儿喂养不耐受、BPD、NEC、ROP情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但观察组感染率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 母乳喂养联合母乳强化剂可促进极低体重早产儿快速生长发育,预防贫血,降低感染风险,不会引发喂养不耐受,可减少并发症,安全性较高,值得推广。Objective To explore the effect of breastfeeding combined with breast milk fortifier on the growth and development of preterm infants with extremely low birth weight after discharge from hospital.Methods A total of 198 preterm infants with extremely low birth weight born in Maternity and Child Health Care of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 2018 to January 2021 were selected.They were randomly divided into the observation group(n=99)and the control group(n=99).The control group were given conventional breastfeeding,and the observation group were given conventional breastfeeding combined with breast milk fortifiers.The physical growth,blood calcium and hemoglobin levels,feeding intolerance,complications,and infections were compared between the two groups.Results After 3 months of correction,the physical growth in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After correcting gestational age to 1 months after term,there were no statistically significant differences in serum calcium and hemoglobin levels between the observation group and the control group(P>0.05).After correcting gestational age to 3 months after term,there was no significant difference in blood calcium level between the observation group and the control group(P>0.05),and the hemoglobin level in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.001).After 3 months of correction,there were no significant differences in feeding intolerance,BPD,NEC,and ROP between the two groups(P>0.05),but the infection rate in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Breastfeeding combined with breast milk fortifiers can promote rapid growth and development,prevent anemia,reduce risk of infection,avoid feeding intolerance,and reduce complications in preterm infants with extremely low birth weight.It is safe and worthy of promotion.

关 键 词：母乳喂养 母乳强化剂 极低体重 早产儿 生长发育 

分 类 号：R174.4[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]