基于单轮对试验台的高速制动防滑试验研究  

Experimental Research on High Speed Brake Anti-Skid Based on Single Wheelset Test Rig

作　　者：陈波 常崇义 周军 许丰磊 CHEN Bo;CHANG Chongyi;ZHOU Jun;XU Fenglei(Railway Science&Technology Research&Development Center,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;High Speed Wheel-Rail System Laboratory,National Engineering Laboratory for System Test of High-Speed Railway,Beijing 100081,China;Beijing Zongheng Eletro-Mechanical Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100094,China;CRRC Qingdao Sifang Rolling Stock Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao Shandong 266031,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道科学技术研究发展中心,北京100081 [2]高速铁路系统试验国家工程实验室高速轮轨关系试验室,北京100081 [3]北京纵横机电科技有限公司,北京100094 [4]中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司,山东青岛266031

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2022年第1期118-125,共8页China Railway Science

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(P2019J023);中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司院基金课题(2019YJ162)。

摘　　要：利用高速轮轨关系试验台,接入制动气路设备,建立试验台与制动防滑器间的信号和指令传递,进行高速制动防滑试验。首先,采用电惯量模拟的方式,实现制动条件下试验台轨道轮的运动惯量与实车试验车辆轴重的运动惯量一致,通过控制轨道轮的圆周速度,使试验台试验车速与实车试验车速保持一致,并将其作为防滑控制系统的参考速度;然后,依据试验台制动防滑试验流程,通过干燥条件下的纯空气紧急制动试验结果对试验方法的可靠性进行验证;在此基础上,试验某动车组制动防滑器在200和300 km·h^(-1)制动初速度及在喷水和喷防冻液条件下的制动防滑特性。结果表明:干燥条件下的纯空气紧急制动试验,实际减速度与目标减速度基本吻合,试验台试验的制动距离较实车试验的相对误差满足标准要求,试验方法可靠;喷水条件下,制动初速度为200 km·h^(-1)时初始滑行阶段的制动率更高,而喷防冻液条件下,制动初速度为300 km·h^(-1)时初始滑行阶段的制动率更高;喷防冻液条件下的轮轨黏着利用比喷水条件下更充分,制动率更高,制动距离更短。The high speed wheel-rail system test rig was used to connect the brake air circuit equipment,establish the signal and instruction transmission between the test rig and the brake anti-skid device,and conduct the high speed brake anti-skid test.Firstly,by means of electric inertia simulation,the motion inertia of the track wheel of the test rig under braking conditions was consistent with that of the axle load of the real test vehicle.By controlling the circumferential speed of the track wheel,the test speed of the test rig was consistent with that of the real test vehicle,and it was used as the reference speed of the anti-skid control system.Then,according to the brake anti-skid test process of the test rig,the reliability of the test method was verified through the results of the pure air emergency braking test under dry conditions.On this basis,the braking anti-skid characteristics of an EMU brake anti-skid device were tested at the initial braking speeds of 200 and 300 km·h^(-1)under the conditions of water spray and antifreeze spray.The results show that in the pure air emergency braking test under dry conditions,the actual deceleration is basically consistent with the target deceleration.The relative error of the braking distance tested on the test rig meets the standard requirements compared with that of the real vehicle test,and the test method is reliable.Under water spray conditions,the braking rate in the initia skidding stage is higher when the initial braking speed is 200 km·h^(-1),while under antifreeze spray conditions,the braking rate in the initial skidding stage is higher when the initial braking speed is 300 km·h^(-1).The wheelrail adhesion under antifreeze spray conditions is more fully utilized than that under water spray conditions,with higher braking rate and shorter braking distance.

关 键 词：高速轮轨关系试验台 空气制动 制动防滑试验 运动惯量模拟 轮轨介质 制动距离 

分 类 号：U266[机械工程—车辆工程] U270.3[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]