固相纳米孔对核酸组装的“免标记、均相”表征和应用探索  

Characterization and Application Exploration of Solid-state Nanopores for Label-free and Homogeneous Analysis of Nucleic Acid Assembly

作　　者：祝振童 吴瑞萍 李冰凌[1] Zhen-tong Zhu;Rui-ping Wu;Bing-ling Li(State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130022)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院长春应用化学研究所电分析化学国家重点实验室,长春130022

出　　处：《高分子学报》2022年第1期4-14,共11页Acta Polymerica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(基金号22074136,22004102)资助项目.

摘　　要：随着核酸自组装领域的飞速发展,除了作为遗传信息的载体外,核酸成为了一种具有高操作自由度和无限可能性的功能材料.基于核酸自组装原理的DNA纳米技术凭借其强大的可编辑性已经广泛应用于生物传感、纳米材料工程、医学诊疗以及分子计算机等领域.纳米孔作为一种新兴的单分子分析技术具有高分辨、高通量、免标记等特点,近年来在基因测序、分子物理化学性质分析等领域展示出了极大的应用潜力.作为一种新型高分辨表征技术,纳米孔已经在DNA纳米技术研究中崭露头角,被用于原位追踪和分析核酸分子的自组装行为.另一方面,DNA纳米技术也为纳米孔传感所面临的技术瓶颈提供了更多样化的解决思路,如借助功能核酸(Aptamer或DNAzyme)和无酶扩增核酸分子线路实现纳米孔对待测物的特异性增敏检测.本专论旨在通过对近期纳米孔技术与核酸自组装的跨领域研究成果进行系统性回顾,总结并展望纳米孔传感领域内核酸自组装的研究进展,以期为单分子生物分析、信息检索、基因分型和临床诊断等领域提供新思路和新方法.With the rapid development of the field of nucleic acid self-assembly,DNA becomes a functional and programmable material with high degree of free operation and unlimited possibilities.DNA nanotechnology based on various assembly principles has been widely used in biosensing,nanomaterial engineering,medical diagnosis and molecular computers.Nanopore analysis is an emerging,very effective single molecular technique for gene sequencing,molecular identification,and physical/chemical property characterization.Recently,due to the unique advantages such as high resolution,high throughput and label-free signalling,nanopore also raises increasing attention in the research of DNA nanotechnology,and has been explored as a new analytical method for various nucleic acid recognition and self-assembly behaviors.Meanwhile,DNA nanotechnology also provides more diversified solutions to the technical bottleneck of nanopore sensing,such as using functional nucleic acids(Aptamer or DNAzyme)and enzyme-free nucleic acid circuits to enhance detection sensitivity and specificity.This monograph systematically reviews these cross-field research progresses of nanopore technology and nucleic acid self-assemblies,which aims to summarize and prospect relevant new ideas and methods for single-molecule molecular analysis,information index,genotyping and clinical diagnosis.

关 键 词：固相纳米孔 核酸纳米结构 核酸分子线路 免标记表征 

分 类 号：Q503[生物学—生物化学]