黄河流域水资源节约集约利用立法研究  

Legislative Research on Water Resources Economic and Intensive Use System

作　　者：李舒[1,2] 张瑞嘉 蒋秀华 张永永[4] 孙世雷 李强坤[1] LI Shu;ZHANG Ruijia;JIANG Xiuhua;ZHANG Yongyong;SUN Shilei;LI Qiangkun(Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,YRCC,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment Protection and Restoration of Yellow River Basin,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Yellow River Institute of Hydrology and Water Resources,Zhengzhou 450004,China;Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Hydrological Bureau,YRCC,Zhengzhou 450004,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003 [2]河南省黄河流域生态环境保护与修复重点实验室,河南郑州450003 [3]黄河水文水资源科学研究院,河南郑州450004 [4]黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司,河南郑州450003 [5]黄河水利委员会水文局,河南郑州450004

出　　处：《人民黄河》2022年第2期65-70,共6页Yellow River

基　　金：河南省自然科学基金资助项目(202300410542);河南省黄河流域生态环境保护与修复重点实验室开发课题(LYBEPR202106);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42041007-03)。

摘　　要：黄河流域大部分地区位于干旱半干旱区,为实现黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的国家战略要求,必须在经济社会发展中将水资源作为最大的刚性约束,从而确保有限的水资源发挥最大的社会效益。为缓解流域用水紧张的局面,亟须开展水资源节约集约利用立法研究。因此,从国家层面、流域层面和省(区)层面全面系统总结了与水资源节约集约利用相关的制度,并将水资源节约集约利用划分为用水总量控制制度、定额管理制度、经济激励制度、监督考核制度四类,分析了这四类制度在实施过程中存在的问题,并提出界定流域管理机构和当地政府的权利与义务、严格取水许可管理、建立强制性用水定额体系、完善水资源节约集约利用的市场激励机制、完善水资源节约集约利用的监督考评体系等立法建议。The most parts of the Yellow River basin are located in the dry and semi-dry area. In order to meet the national strategy requirements of ecological protection and high quality development in the Yellow River basin,the water resources must be regarded as the maximum rigid constraint in economic and social development so that the social efficiency of limited water resources can be maximized. For relieving a tense water supply in the basin,legislation on economic and intensive use system of water resources should be made. Thus,the paper systematically summarized the relative water resources economic and intensive use systems at the levels of nation,basin and provinces(regions).These systems were further grouped by the four systems of total water use control,quota management,economic incentives and supervision and check-up. The problems raised during the implementation process of the four systems were analyzed. It put forward five legislative suggestions,including defining the rights and obligations between watershed management institutions and local government,strict water intake permit management,establishing a mandatory water quota system,improving the market incentive mechanism and improving the supervision and evaluation system for the economical and intensive use of water resources.

关 键 词：水资源最大刚性约束 节约 集约 立法研究 黄河 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源] TV882.1