饲粮蛋白质水平对藏系绵羊瘤胃真菌菌群结构及功能的影响  

Effects of dietary protein levels on ruminal fungal community structure and function in Tibetan sheep

作　　者：王循刚 张晓玲 徐田伟[1] 耿远月 胡林勇[1] 赵娜[1] 刘宏金[1] 康生萍 徐世晓[1] WANG Xun-gang;ZHANG Xiao-ling;XU Tian-wei;GENG Yuan-yue;HU Lin-yong;ZHAO Na;LIU Hong-jin;KANG Sheng-ping;XU Shi-xiao(Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海西宁810008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《草业学报》2022年第2期182-191,共10页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA2005010406,XDA23060603);青海省科技支撑项目(2019-SF-149,2019-NK-173)资助。

摘　　要：本研究旨在探究饲粮蛋白质水平对藏系绵羊瘤胃真菌菌群结构及功能的影响。试验选取18只12月龄健康、平均体重为(31.71±0.72)kg的藏系绵羊羯羊,随机分为3组,每组6只,分别饲喂代谢能相近而蛋白质含量不同(LP组,10.06%CP;MP组,12.10%CP;HP组,14.12%CP)的饲粮,试验为期120 d,包括15 d的预饲期和105 d的正试期。结果表明:1)LP组藏系绵羊的终末体重、平均日增重和平均日采食量均显著低于MP组和HP组(P<0.05),而料重比显著高于MP组和HP组(P<0.05)。2)3组18个瘤胃液样品共产生1547415条有效序列,聚类后共得到4073个OTUs。饲粮蛋白质水平并没有对藏系绵羊瘤胃真菌多样性指数产生显著性影响(P>0.05)。3)在门分类水平上,藏系绵羊瘤胃真菌优势菌门为子囊菌门、担子菌门、被孢霉亚门和新美鞭菌门等;在属分类水平上,瘤胃真菌优势菌属为青霉属、无茎真菌属、枝孢属、镰孢霉属和链格孢属等。4)采用LEfSe方法对各个分类水平上丰度有显著差异的微生物进行比较分析,共筛选到33个符合生物标记物的真菌菌群。5)基于FUNGuid对藏系绵羊瘤胃真菌群落的营养型进行功能预测,发现腐生营养型是最主要的营养型。以上结果表明,适当提高饲粮中蛋白质水平可以显著提高藏系绵羊的生长性能,但对瘤胃真菌菌群的多样性和结构组成并未产生明显的影响。This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary protein levels on ruminal fungal community structure and function of Tibetan sheep.A total of eighteen 12-month-old,healthy,castrated Tibetan sheep with similar initial body weights(31.71±0.72)kg were randomly divided into three treatment groups,with 6 sheep in each group.During the whole experiment,the sheep were fed diets with low,medium or high dietary crude protein(CP)levels(LP group,10.06%CP;MP group,12.10%CP;HP group,14.12%CP)and similar metabolizable energy.The experiment took place over 120 d with a 15 d adaptation period and 105 d measurement period.It was found that:1)The final body weights,average daily gains,and average daily feed intake of the LP group were lower than those in MP and HP groups(P<0.05),while the feed conversion ratio in LP was higher than that in MP and HP groups(P<0.05).2)A total of 1547415 clean gene tags were obtained from 18 samples,and the total number of OTUs detected by a cluster analysis was 4073.The diversity index of the rumen fungi in Tibetan sheep was not significantly(P>0.05)affected by the dietary protein levels.3)At the phylum level,the most dominant fungal phyla from the ruminal samples were Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,Mortierellomycota and Neocallimastigomycota.At the genus level,Penicillium,Acauliun,Cladosporium,Fusarium and Alternaria were detected as highly abundant taxa in the rumen.4)A total of 33 biomarkers were identified at various taxonomic levels based on linear discriminant effect size analysis(LEfSe).5)The main function of the rumen fungal flora,as predicted by FUNGuid,was saprophytic activity.In summary,higher dietary protein levels significantly improved daily weight gain of Tibetan sheep,but had no significant effect on microbial diversity and community structure.

关 键 词：蛋白质 藏系绵羊 生长性能 瘤胃 真菌 

分 类 号：S826.5[农业科学—畜牧学]