高温高压合成金刚石的机理、工艺及特征研究  

Mechanism,Technology and Characteristics of Diamond Synthesis under High Temperature and High Pressure

作　　者：毛梦嫒 杨志军 MAO Mengai;YANG Zhijun(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong 510275, China;Key Laboratory of Geological Process and Mineral Resources Exploration of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学地球科学与工程学院,广东广州510275 [2]广东省地质过程与矿产资源探查重点实验室,广东广州510275

出　　处：《超硬材料工程》2021年第5期15-24,共10页Superhard Material Engineering

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金项目(编号:2021A515011472)。

摘　　要：我国的高温高压合成金刚石产量常年居于世界第一,为航天、工业、医疗、军事等多个领域提供了功能材料——金刚石。目前对这项技术的合成机理、工艺技术及晶体特征仍有待系统深入研究。文章通过实地的技术学习、丰富的样品观测、全面的谱学分析对高温高压合成金刚石的合成机理、设备装置、工艺系统、成品质量、晶体特征进行研究。研究发现①高温高压合成金刚石的动力学过程可分为三个阶段sp^(3)杂化碳的产生、sp^(3)杂化碳的输运及就位;②高温高压合成金刚石的工艺技术采用铰链式六面顶压机,冲油供压,恒定功率交流电加热,触媒多采用铁基触媒。③高温高压合成金刚石颜色净度集中于I-G色,VS级,可以实现2-5克拉的量产。晶体形态表现为六-八面体,表面形貌主要有回形纹、生长台阶、蕨叶状表面纹理,内部包裹体主要有金属触媒、石墨片和贯穿裂隙。红外光谱分析可得氮元素的存在形式多为孤氮或双氮,指示其为一种快速合成产物,1295cm^(-1)和/或2458cm^(-1)特征峰的出现说明生长过程掺杂了B元素;拉曼光谱分析可得HPHT合成金刚石含有[N-V]0中心,无三阶峰,但三阶峰区域的抬升和[N-V]0引起的声子边带有关;紫外光谱分析可得HPHT合成金刚石的禁带能量为3.54eV,且多数含有Ni^(+)缺陷,与使用金属镍为触媒互相印证。High temperature and high pressure(HPHT)synthetic diamond production in China ranks the first in the world all year round,providing functional materials-diamond for aerospace,industry,medical treatment,military and other fields.At present,the synthesis mechanism,process technology and crystal characteristics of the technology still need to be systematically and deeply studied.In this paper,the synthesis mechanism,equipment,process system,product quality and crystal characteristics of diamond synthesized at high temperature and high pressure are studied through field technical learning,abundant sample observation and comprehensive spectral analysis.The research result indicates that the kinetic process of high-temperature and high-pressure synthesis of diamond can be divided into three stages,the production of sp^(3) hybrid carbon,the transportation and placement of sp^(3) hybrid carbon.The process technology of high temperature and high pressure synthetic diamond adopts a hinged six-sided top press,pressurizing with oil,constant power alternating currentheating,and most of the catalysts are iron-based catalysts.The color clarity of high temperature and high pressure synthetic diamond is concentrated in I-G color,VS grade,and mass production of 2-5 carats can be achieved.The crystal morphology is a hexa-octahedron,and the surface morphology mainly includes loops,growth steps,and fern leaf-like surface textures.The internal inclusions mainly include metal catalysts,graphite flakes and penetrating fissures.Infrared spectroscopy analysis shows that the nitrogen element is mostly solitary nitrogen or dinitrogen,indicating that it is a rapid synthesis product.The appearance of characteristic peaks at 1295 cm^(-1) and/or 2458 cm^(-1) indicates that the growth process is doped with B element.Raman spectroscopy analysis shows that HPHT synthetic diamond contains[N-V]0 center and no third-order peak,but the uplift of the third-order peak area is related to the phonon sideband caused by[N-V]0.Ultraviolet spectroscopy analys

关 键 词：高温高压 合成金刚石 合成机理 工艺技术 矿物特征 光谱分析 

分 类 号：P575.9[天文地球—矿物学] TQ64[天文地球—地质学]