设施番茄土壤温室气体排放对水氮管理的响应  

Change in Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Soil in Greenhouse as Affected by Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization

作　　者：杜明智 王广帅[2] 刘浩[2] 宁慧峰[2] 高阳[2] 王兴鹏[1] DU Mingzhi;WANG Guangshuai;LIU Hao;NING Huifeng;GAO Yang;WANG Xingpeng(College of Water Resource and Architecture Engineering,Tarim University,A lar 843300,China;Institute of Farmland Irrigation,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Open Laboratory of Crop Water Demand and Regulation,Ministry of Agriculture,X inxiang 453002,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学水利与建筑工程学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所/农业农村部作物需水与调控重点实验室,河南新乡453002

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2022年第1期101-109,共9页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51709264,51779259);南疆劣质水资源安全处理与灌溉创新研究团队项目(TDZKCQ202002);基于农业水价改革的田间节水增效关键技术研究与应用项目(2018AB027)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨不同水、氮管理设施番茄产量和土壤温室气体排放的相互关系,构建最适水、氮组合模式,以期达到"节水、减氮、高产"的目的。【方法】设置4种氮肥梯度(F0:0 kg/hm^(2)、F1:150 kg/hm^(2)、F2:300 kg/hm^(2)、F3:450 kg/hm^(2))与3种灌水定额(W1:0.5 Epan、W2:0.7 Epan、W3:0.9 Epan),采用静态箱-气态色谱法采集和分析设施番茄土壤的温室气体排放通量,比较分析了水、氮相互作用下对土壤温室气体排放通量和累积排放量的影响,并结合产量和全球增温潜势分析了温室气体排放强度的差异。【结果】设施土壤N2O排放量在施肥后呈增长趋势、CO2和CH4排放通量则随着灌水定额的增加而增加。N2O累积排放量随施氮量的增加而显著增加,最高可达到0.959kg/hm^(2)。全球增温潜势(GWP)与施氮量显著正相关(P<0.05),温室气体排放强度(GHGI)和番茄产量与水、氮交互作用显著正相关(P<0.01)。【结论】从环境效益与经济效益综合考虑,适当减少施氮量和优化亏缺灌水定额能够有效地降低温室气体排放和保障产量。0.9 Epan灌溉定额与低氮处理(F1W3)是本试验下的最佳水氮组合。【Objective】Facility agriculture has been increasing over the past few decades in China,but greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions from greenhouse agriculture,as well as their response to irrigation and fertilization are obscured.The objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of different combinations of irrigation and nitrogen(N)fertilization on GHG emission from greenhouse tomato production.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a solar greenhouse and compared four N applications:0 kg/hm^(2)(F0),150 kg/hm^(2)(F1),300 kg/hm^(2)(F2)and 450 kg/hm^(2)(F3).For each N application,there were three irrigation amounts with each calculated based on the evaporation measured from an in-house evaporation pan installed in the greenhouse(Epan):50%(W1),70%(W2)and 90%(W3)of Epan.【Result】The emission of N2 O increased after N fertilization.The emissions of CO2 and CH4 did not show noticeable dependence on N fertilization but increased with irrigation amount.The total cumulative emissions of N2 O increased significantly with N application,maximizing at 0.959 kg/hm^(2).The global warming potential of the gasses was positively correlated with N application(P<0.05),and the greenhouse gas emission intensity and tomato yield were both positively correlated with irrigation amount and N application at significant level(P<0.01).【Conclusion】Balancing environmental impact and economic benefits,reducing N application coupled with optimizing deficit irrigation can effectively reduce GHG emissions from greenhouse tomato production.For our experiment,the optimal combination was irrigating 90%of water evaporated from an in-house evaporation pan and fertilizing 150 kg/hm^(2)of nitrogen.

关 键 词：亏缺灌溉 施氮量 全球增温潜势 温室气体强度 

分 类 号：S274.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]