2016-2020年北京市海淀区诺如病毒暴发疫情流行特征与病原学研究  

Epidemiological characteristics and etiology of norovirus outbreak in Haidian district of Beijing,2016-2020

作　　者：刘锋[1] 郭黎[1] 赵振[1] 徐浩[1] 华伟玉[1] LIU Feng;GUO Li;ZHAO Zhen;XU Hao;HUA Wei-yu(Haidian District Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市海淀区疾病预防控制中心,100094

出　　处：《首都公共卫生》2021年第5期269-272,共4页Capital Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的分析2016-2020年北京市海淀区诺如病毒暴发疫情流行病学特征,为制定预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法,对2016年1月-2020年12月北京市海淀区发生的诺如病毒暴发疫情开展流行病学调查,采集典型病例、部分密切接触者等人群便或肛拭子样本,进行诺如病毒和札如病毒检测。结果 2016-2020年北京市海淀区共报告诺如病毒暴发疫情20起,其中中小学校13起,占65.00%,报告临床诊断病例1 272例,单起疫情病例数中位数29例。冬春季为诺如病毒暴发疫情高发季节,占75%(15/20);不同发生场所疫情罹患率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4 013.17,P<0.001)。男女性病例检测阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.319,P=0.038)。人传人传播和食源性伴人传人传播罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1 681.267,P<0.001)。对20起暴发疫情病毒分型,均为GⅡ型诺如病毒,其中GⅡ.2[P16]型19起,占95.00%(19/20)。结论 GⅡ型诺如病毒是北京市海淀区诺如病毒暴发疫情的主要病原体,春季和秋末冬初是疫情高发季节,中小学校和托幼机构是防控重点场所,疫情以人传人传播为主,但食源性伴人传人传播一般引起病例数较多,社会影响较大,应高度重视。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus outbreak in Haidian district,Beijing,2016-2020,and to provide scientific basis for developing prevention and control strategy.Methods The field epidemiological investigation method was used in the investigation of the outbreak of norovirus in Haidian district of Beijing during 2016-2020.The stool or anal swab specimens of typical cases,some close contacts and other people were collected for norovirus and sapovirus testing.Results A total of 20 outbreaks of norovirus in Haidian district of Beijing were reported during 2016-2020,13 of which were in primary and secondary schools,accounting for 65. 00%,with 1 272 clinical diagnosed cases reported and a median of 29 in a single outbreaks. Winter and spring were the seasons with the high incidence of norovirus outbreaks,accounting for 75%( 15/20);the incidence of outbreaks in different sites was statistically significant( χ^(2)= 4 013. 17,P <0. 001). There was a statistically significant difference in the positive rate of male and female cases( χ^(2)= 4. 319,P = 0. 038).The incidence of human-to-human transmission and food-borne with human-to-human transmission was statistically significant( χ^(2)= 1 681. 267,P < 0. 001). All of the 20 outbreaks were of type GⅡ norovirus,including 19 cases of type GⅡ. 2[P16],accounting for 95. 00%( 19/20). Conclusions Type G Ⅱ norovirus is the main pathogen of the outbreak of norovirus in Haidian district of Beijing. Spring,late autumn and early winter are the seasons of the epidemic. Primary and secondary schools and child-care institutions are the key places for prevention and control. The epidemic is dominated by human-to-human transmission,but food-borne with human-to-human transmission generally also causes a higher number of cases and has a greater social impact,to which great importance should be attached.

关 键 词：诺如病毒 暴发疫情 病原学 

分 类 号：R512.5[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]