《民法典》生态环境损害赔偿条款法理辨析  

Legal Analysis of the Ecological Environment Damage Compensation Clause in the Civil Code of Our Country

作　　者：曹明德[1] Cao Mingde

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2022年第1期58-72,共15页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家法治与法学理论研究项目(19SFB2061)“生态环境损害赔偿诉讼与环境公益诉讼关系研究”。

摘　　要：《生态环境损害赔偿制度改革方案》明确授权行政机关(政府)可以作为生态环境损害赔偿权利人向赔偿义务人提起生态损害赔偿磋商和诉讼。其中,生态损害赔偿制度以民法所有权制度以及损害担责原则为基础,同时涉及公法、私法两种救济手段。生态环境损害赔偿制度的建立健全顺应了环境法治的趋势,有利于形成系统化的法律制度。不过,这一制度尚存在政府与社会组织之间提起环境民事公益诉讼的关系不甚明确、行政机关规避在行政诉讼中当被告或掩盖监管不力之嫌等问题。因此,应当理顺此项制度与环境公益诉讼以及其他行政程序之间的关系,改进生态损害磋商机制的程序设计,完善政府生态环境责任监督机制,并鼓励公众参与。The reform plan of Eco-environmental Damage Compensation System explicitly empowers the administrative organ(government) as the right holder of eco-environmental damage compensation to bring a consultation and lawsuit on eco-environmental damage compensation to the compensation obligor. Among them, the ecological damage compensation system is based on the ownership system of civil law and the principle of liability for damage, and involves two relief means of public law and private law. The establishment and improvement of eco-environmental damage compensation system conforms to the trend of environmental law and is conducive to the formation of a systematic legal system. However, there are still some problems in this system, such as the unclear relationship between the government and social organizations in environmental civil public interest litigation, the administrative organs’ evasion of being the defendant in administrative litigation or the suspicion of inadequate supervision. Therefore, we should straighten out the relationship between this system and environmental public interest litigation and other administrative procedures, improve the procedure design of ecological damage negotiation mechanism, improve the government’s ecological environmental responsibility supervision mechanism, and encourage public participation.

关 键 词：《民法典》 生态环境损害 磋商 环境公益诉讼 

分 类 号：D923.3[政治法律—民商法学]