台湾地区乐生疗养院的建立演变与影响  

The history and influence of Losheng Sanatorium in Taiwan Region

作　　者：王思齐 周东华[3] 王鹏[2] 王景权 WANG Siqi;ZHOU Donghua;WANG Peng;WANG Jingquan(Department of Scientific Research and Education Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Dermatology,Huzhou 313200,China;Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases,School of Clinical Medicine,Ningxia Medical University,Yinchuan 750004,China;Department of History,College of Humanities,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311251,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省皮肤病医院科教科,湖州313200 [2]宁夏医科大学临床医学院宁夏颅脑疾病重点实验室,银川750004 [3]杭州师范大学人文学院历史学系,311251

出　　处：《中华医史杂志》2021年第6期330-338,共9页Chinese Journal of Medical History

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD223)。

摘　　要：乐生院是日本殖民台湾后于1930年设立的公立麻风防治机构,长期承担着麻风患者隔离治疗、康复疗养及社会防治等任务,日据时期依托警察公医体系和保甲制度,有效实施患者强制隔离制度;战后引进治疗麻风药物DDS,推广门诊治疗,开展巡回医疗;1984年联合化疗推广以后,其依靠公立医院和教会医院体系的特别皮肤科门诊,顺利完成麻风门诊及住院治疗任务;1999年归属台湾地区行政管理机构卫生事务主管部门管理,医院逐渐转型为社区综合医院。乐生院在不同历史时期,顺应台湾地区卫生防疫体系和麻风科学的发展变化要求,采取不同防治策略,实现了麻风防治的目标,为了解台湾地区卫生防疫和公共卫生变迁提供了典型范例。Losheng Sanatorium,as a prophylactic-therapeutic institution for isolation,treatment,rehabilitation and social control of leprosy patients,was established by the Japanese colonial government in Taiwan in 1930.Losheng Sanatorium effectively carried out the compulsory isolation of leprosy patients,under the assistance of the public medical system with the help of police and the Bao-Jia management in the Japanese colonial period in Taiwan.Losheng sanatorium imported DDS,a therapeutic drug for leprosy,popularised an outpatient treatment model of leprosy,and developed mobile medical services after the Second World War.Losheng detected and treated leprosy patients successfully through the support of special skin clinics in public hospitals and missionary hospitals after Multi-drug Therapy was introduced in Taiwan in 1984.The Department of Health,Executive Yuan of the Taiwan Region in commenced administration of Losheng Sanatorium in 1999 transformed it into a community-based general hospital.Losheng sanatorium adopted different control strategies in different historical periods based on the requirements of health,epidemic prevention systems and leprology developments to achieve its goals of leprosy control.The Sanatorium provides an example to understand and further study epidemical control and public health practice in the Taiwan Region.

关 键 词：台湾 麻风 癞病 汉生氏病 麻疯 乐生疗养院 麻风院 隔离 

分 类 号：R197.7[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]