电渣重熔工艺对GCr15轴承钢凝固组织的影响  

Effect of ESR Process on the Solidification Structure of GCr15 Bearing Steel

作　　者：吕斌 李志强[1] 杨智勇[1] 刘小龙 李卫京[1] 韩建民[1] LYU Bin;LI Zhiqiang;YANG Zhiyong;LIU Xiaolong;LI Weijing;HAN Jianmin(College of Mechanical and Electronic Control Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院,北京100044

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第24期24134-24141,共8页Materials Reports

摘　　要：基于CAFE法(元胞自动机-有限元模型),采用ProCAST对电渣重熔方法生产的GCr15轴承钢钢锭的微观组织进行数值模拟,得到了电渣钢锭的晶粒生长过程、熔池形状变化和晶区分布情况,并分析了不同的工艺参数对熔池形状以及凝固组织的影响。熔池深度随着钢锭固相区的扩展而变得越来越深,当钢锭长到一定高度,熔池深度和晶粒生长方向均不再变化。研究结果表明:结晶器冷却强度越大,熔池温度越低,熔池深度与钢锭半径之比h/R越小,而晶粒平均尺寸增大且柱状晶越多;渣池温度越高,h/R越大,晶粒平均尺寸增大;重熔速度是最显著的影响因素,熔速增大,h/R显著增大,柱状晶尺寸增大且数量增多。经过对电渣锭的凝固组织观察试验发现,模拟结果与试验结果有较好的一致性。Based on the CAFE method(Cellular automaton-finite element model),the microstructure of a GCr15 bearing steel ingot produced by the electroslag remelting was simulated by using ProCAST to analyze the grain growth process.The simulation has obtained the shape of the molten pool and the distribution of the crystal region of the electroslag steel ingot,and analyzed the effect of different process parameters on the shape of the molten pool and the solidification microstructure.The depth of the molten pool became deeper and deeper as the solid phase zone of ingot expanded.When the ingot reached a certain height,the depth of the molten pool and the direction of grain growth no longer changed.The results show that the greater the cooling strength of the mold,the lower the temperature of the molten pool and the smaller the ratio of molten pool depth to ingot radius(h/R),and the average grain size increases and the number of columnar crystals increases;the higher the temperature of the slag pool,the larger the value of h/R,the larger the average grain size.The remelting speed is the most significant influencing factor.With the melting speed increasing,the value of h/R increases significantly,and the size and number of columnar crystals are larger.After the solidification structure observation experiment on the ingot,it is found that the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results.

关 键 词：元胞自动机-有限元模型(CAFE) 电渣重熔 GCR15轴承钢 金属熔池 微观组织 

分 类 号：U270.41[机械工程—车辆工程]