考虑不同生态需求层次的水电站水库生态调度研究  

Research on Ecological Operation of Hydropower Stations and Reservoirs with Different Ecological Demands

作　　者：刘彦哲 方国华[1] 黄显峰[1] 颜敏 丁紫玉 LIU Yanzhe;FANG Guohua;HUANG Xianfeng;YAN Min;DING Ziyu(College of Water conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学水利水电学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《水力发电》2022年第2期1-7,87,共8页Water Power

基　　金：湖南省水利科技重点项目(湘水科计[2016]194-21);湖南省水利科技项目([2015]245-13)。

摘　　要：随着水生态地位的日益突出,当前水库调度应当统筹考虑社会经济与生态效益,在保证水量高效利用的前提下,满足河流生态要求,其核心是量化河流生态需求,并将其作为生态要素目标纳入水库调度模型中。为此,研究采用ME-Tennant法的生态需水过程评价模型,确定电站下游河流的最小和适宜生态需水过程;在此基础上以生态缺水量最小为生态目标,以水电站水库发电量最大为经济目标,建立考虑最小和适宜两种生态需求层次的水电站水库生态调度模型,采用NSGA-II算法求解。以刘家坪—鱼米滩梯级水电站水库为实例进行研究,分析发电—生态关系,结果显示所提模型在保障经济效益的同时能有效缓解生态缺水问题。With the increasingly prominent status of water ecology,the current reservoir operation should consider the social economic and ecological benefits as a whole,and meet the river ecological requirements on the premise of ensuring the efficient utilization of water resources.The core is to quantify the river ecological demand,and bring it into the reservoir operation model as the objective of ecological factors.Therefore,based on the evaluation model of ecological water demand process of the ME-Tennant method,the minimum and appropriate ecological water demand process of the downstream river of the power station is determined.On this basis,with the minimum ecological water shortage as the ecological goal and the maximum generating capacity as the economic goal,an ecological operation model of hydropower station reservoir considering the minimum and appropriate ecological demand levels is established,and the NSGA-II algorithm is used to solve the problem.Taking Liujiaping-Yumitan cascade hydropower station reservoirs as an example,the relationship between power generation and ecology is analyzed.The results show that the proposed model can effectively alleviate the ecological water shortage while ensuring economic benefits.

关 键 词：水库生态调度 多目标优化 生态需水评价 ME-Tennant 

分 类 号：TV697.11[水利工程—水利水电工程]