近海底高分辨率地震探测系统设计与实现  

Design and Implementation of Near Ocean Bottom High-resolution Multichannel Seismic System

作　　者：裴彦良 温明明[2] 刘保华 张连成[5,6] 于凯本 魏峥嵘 宗乐 连艳红 闫克平 PEI Yan-liang;WEN Ming-ming;LIU Bao-hua;ZHANG Lian-cheng;YU kai-ben;WEI Zheng-rong;ZONG Le;LIAN Yan-hong;YAN Ke-ping(First Institute of Oceanography,MNR,Qingdao 266061,China;Guangzhou Marine Geology Survey,Guangzhou 510000,China;Laboratory for Marine Geology,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266061,China;National Deep Sea Center,Qingdao 266237,China;College of Chemical and Biological Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310028,China;Key Laboratory of Fluid Transmission Technology of Zhejiang Province,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 310018,China;Xi an Hongluyang Electromechanical Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Xi an 710100,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部第一海洋研究所,山东青岛266061 [2]广州海洋地质调查局,广东广州510000 [3]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室,山东青岛266061 [4]国家深海基地管理中心,山东青岛266237 [5]浙江大学化学工程与生物工程学院,浙江杭州310027 [6]浙江理工大学流体传输技术国家地方联合工程实验室,浙江杭州310018 [7]西安虹陆洋机电设备有限公司,陕西西安710100

出　　处：《海洋科学进展》2022年第1期79-89,共11页Advances in Marine Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目——近海底高精度水合物探测技术(2016YFC0303900);国家自然科学基金委员会-山东省人民政府联合基金项目——海洋地质过程与环境(U1606401);泰山学者工程专项(TSPD20161007)。

摘　　要：受大深度水体的影响,传统的海面拖曳式多道地震技术在进行深水地层探测时,目标地层深度处的菲涅耳半径非常大,水平分辨率低,难以满足海域天然气水合物高精度探测需求。针对海面拖曳式地震探测技术存在的上述问题,设计了一套可以在2000 m水深近海底作业的地震探测系统。应用耐压透声发射阵技术,克服了20 MPa外压环境和瞬时内压冲击对等离子体震源子波幅频特性的不利影响,研制的深拖等离子体震源的声源级达到214 dB,主频低于1000 Hz;水下控制中心采用集成SoC片上系统设计,可以对震源进行定距激发控制,进行近海底多道地震数据的连续采集。系统在2019年深海试验拖曳最大深度达2025 m,测试剖面数据显示最大地层穿透深度达380 m,纵向分辨率<2 m,横向分辨率<10 m,为深水海域沉积地层的深拖高分辨率地震探测提供了技术支撑。With increasing water depth,the Fresnel radius becomes very large and thereby results in a reduced horizontal resolution,when the traditional sea surface towed multi-channel seismic technology and equipment are used.It is difficult to meet the needs of high-precision detection of natural gas hydrate(NGH)and orebody description.To overcome the above-mentioned problems,this study designs a set of seismic detection system which can work near the seabed with water depth of 2000 m.The pressure and acoustic transparent sparker arrays overcome the adverse effects of 20 MPa external pressure environment and instantaneous internal pressure impact on the amplitude frequency characteristics of the plasma source.The sound source level of the developed deep towed plasma source reaches 214 dB,and the main frequency is less than 1000 Hz.Integrated with system on chip(SoC),the underwater control center can trigger the plasma source at a fixed distance and record multi-channel data continuously.The maximum towing depth of the marine trial was 2025 m in 2019,and the test profile data showed that the maximum stratum penetration was 380 ms(TWT),and the vertical resolution is less than 2 m,and the transverse resolution is less than 8m.It was the first time to realize the high-resolution seismic survey in deep water area with domestic deep-towed system,which would provide high technical supports for the exploration of NGH resources in China.

关 键 词：近海底探测 高分辨率地震 深拖地震 等离子体震源 多道地震 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]