消失的“黑巫术”?清代司法中之蛊毒案件探究——基于洗冤录文本的考察与展开  

The Disappearing“Black Witchcraft”?Probe into the Cases of Poisonous Gu in the Justice of the Qing Dynasty:Investigation and Development based on the Inspection Guide Book

作　　者：茆巍[1] MAO Wei(Institute of Social Sciences,East China University of Political and Law,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学科学研究院,上海201620

出　　处：《安徽史学》2022年第1期31-38,共8页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“清代司法检验再研究”(16BZS060)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：清代的洗冤检验文本是在宋《洗冤集录》基础上发展而来。但是,通过比较研究可以发现,在相关毒物知识大幅增长的同时,清代与蛊相关的知识增加却与司法没有任何关系,也没有任何案例附入,且增补的蛊毒知识主要来源于医书、游记、笔记等,时间集中在宋代之前。这种现象也可以通过检索成案进一步得到证实。结合律例的修订可以发现,清代有关蛊毒的法律更多具有宣示性价值。这种现象的出现,既是蛊毒相关病因观念史自然变迁的结果,又是宋代以来司法逐渐理性化的产物。同时,清王朝高度集权司法体制对地方专杀权的控制,也对提高相关案件审理中的理性化有所帮助。The Qing Dynasty’s inspection guide books developed on the basis of Song the Washing Away of Wongs written by Sung Tz’u.However,comparing them with the latter,it can be found that while the knowledge of poisons has greatly expanded,the addition of Gu has nothing to do with the judicial system,and no cases were attached.Their sources of added knowledge about Gu were medical books,travel notes,notes,etc.,and were mainly concentrated before the Song Dynasty.This phenomenon was further verified through the search for related cases.Combined with the revision of the laws and regulations of the Qing Dynasty,we can be found that the laws about Gu in the Qing Dynasty have more declarative value.The emergence of this phenomenon was not only the result of the natural changes in the history of Gu concept,but also the product of gradual rationalization of the judiciary since the Song Dynasty.At the same time,the highly centralized system in the Qing Dynasty controlled the local death penalty,which also helped to improve the rationalization in the trial of related cases.

关 键 词：清代 《洗冤录》 蛊 观念 理性 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]