盘州上部烟叶适宜采收时期研究  

Study on the Optimum Harvest Time of Upper Tobacco Leaves in Panzhou

作　　者：赵东 赵培富 徐玮 吕大树 刘阳 陈鹏 董均兴 汪成勇 张铮 ZHAO Dong;ZHAO Pei-fu;XU Wei(Panzhou Branch of Liupanshui Tobacco Company,Panzhou,Guizhou 553537;China Tobacco Guizhou Industrial Co.,Ltd,Guiyang,Guizhou 550000)

机构地区：[1]六盘水市烟草公司盘州分公司,贵州盘州553537 [2]贵州中烟工业有限责任公司,贵州贵阳550000 [3]郑州烟草研究院,河南郑州6228800

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2022年第2期34-37,55,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：六盘水市烟草公司科研基金“基于‘贵烟’高端品牌需求的优质上部烟叶定制化技术研究与开发项目”。

摘　　要：[目的]探索盘州烟区上部烟叶适宜的一次性采收时期。[方法]以云烟87为研究对象,开展了常规采收(M1)、延迟5 d采收(M2)和延迟10 d采收(M3)的对比试验,分析了不同采收时间对烤烟农艺性状、经济性状、化学成分和工业可用性的影响。[结果]延迟5 d采收能使倒3、倒6叶片达到工艺成熟,倒1叶片达生理成熟,此期采收能极显著提升烤后烟叶上等烟比例和均价,降低下低等烟比例(降幅25.6%),使烟叶各项经济性状表现最佳;延迟采收烟叶总植物碱、总氮含量先增后减,还原糖、总糖含量以及糖碱比降低,钾、氯含量增加,化学成分协调性降低,常规采收化学成分协调性表现最佳,最能彰显盘州清香型烟叶风格特色;延迟采收烟叶感官评吸得分先减后增,常规采收表现最佳,延迟10 d采收次之,延迟5 d采收得分最低。[结论]结合盘州烟叶风格特色,综合考虑烟农种烟效益和卷烟工业企业原料需求,盘州上部烟叶适宜的一次性采收时期为常规采收至延迟5 d采收。[Objective]To explore the suitable one-time harvesting period of upper tobacco leaves in Panzhou tobacco area.[Method]Taking Yunyan 87 as the research object,the comparative experiments of conventional harvest(M1),delayed harvest for 5 days(M2)and delayed harvest for 10 days(M3)were carried out.The effects of different harvest time on agronomic,economic,chemical composition and industrial availability of flue-cured tobacco were analyzed.[Result]Delayed harvest for 5 days could make the reciprocal third leaf and the reciprocal sixth leaf reach the technological maturity,and the last leaf reach the physiological maturity.Harvesting at this stage could significantly increase the proportion and average price of top-grade tobacco,reduce the proportion of low-grade tobacco(by 25.6%),and make the best performance of various economic characters of tobacco;the contents of total alkaloid and total nitrogen increased first and then decreased,the contents of reducing sugar,total sugar and the ratio of sugar to alkaloid decreased,the contents of potassium and chlorine increased,and the coordination of chemical components decreased.The results showed that the coordination of chemical components in conventional harvest was the best,which could highlight the style characteristics of Panzhou fragrant tobacco leaves.The sensory evaluation score of delayed harvest tobacco decreased first and then increased,and the conventional harvest showed the best performance,followed by the delayed harvest for 10 days,and the lowest score was the delayed harvest for 5 days.[Conclusion]Combined with the style and characteristics of Panzhou tobacco leaves,comprehensively considering the income of tobacco growers and the demand for raw materials of cigarette industry,the suitable one-time harvesting period for the upper tobacco leaves in Panzhou is from conventional harvest to delayed harvest for 5 days.

关 键 词：上部烟叶 成熟度 采收时期 经济性状 烟叶质量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]